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Context:The ultimate goal of a blood transfusion service is the provision of safe and adequate supply free from transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). TTIs not only threaten the recipient's safety, but they also increase disease burden. Seroprevalence of TTIs in healthy blood donors indirectly reflects the prevalence of these infections in the general healthy population.Aim and Objectives:To study the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in healthy donors at a tertiary care hospital-based blood bank. To know the yearly and age-group prevalence of these TTIs as compared with other studies across India.Settings and Design:This is 5 years observational cross-section study conducted in a tertiary hospital-based teaching institute of Central India (Malwa region).Materials and Methods:The results of serological testing of TTIs and donor variables were analyzed during 2011–2015.Statistical Analysis Used:Chi-square test and Chi-square for trend analysis on TTIs prevalence.Results:A total of 58,998 donors were screened for TTIs with dominance of male donation (99.7%). The overall cumulative seroprevalence was 1.14% in our study. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV was 0.09%, 0.98%, and 0.07%, respectively. We found a statistically significant increasing trend for HCV seropositivity during the study.Conclusion:Our study reflects an increasing trend of HCV seroprevalence over time. Thus, efforts are needed to increase the awareness and to educate the population in reducing risk factors for HCV infection.

The present study reflects the importance of a CSF ADA level ≥10 U/L in the diagnosis of TBM. Thus, it can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic tool to differentiate TBM from other non-TBM cases, when there is a diagnostic dilemma.

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and ichthyosis vulgaris both are autosomal dominant disorders with incomplete penetrance caused by the deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase enzyme and filaggrin protein, respectively. We report a rare case of a 9-year-old boy having two genetic diseases with an unclear association. An acute attack of AIP is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Although rare in the first decade of life, the presence of reddish urine with a typical presentation such as abdominal pain, hypertension, seizure, and paresthesias lead us to the diagnosis of AIP. The precipitating factor in the present case was prolonged fasting in Ramadan.

Background: Direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant change in the lives of children and adolescents. Changes in psychosocial behavior are one of them and are least noticed by parents and caregivers. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the mental and behavioral changes in children and adolescents of India before March 2020 and during the COVID-19 pandemic by Pediatric Symptom Checklist -17 (PSC-17). Patients and Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted through an online questionnaire-based survey on children and adolescents of age group (5 -17 years) from 1st July to 15th July 2021 in India. Data were collected from parents regarding socio-demographic status, the behavior of study participants before and during the pandemic, and their perspective for the same. For statistical analysis chi-square test and the Mcnemar test was used. Results: Overall, 17.14% (77) of the study population scored positive during the covid pandemic on the total PSC-17 score. Participants residing in a metropolitan city, having nuclear family, and having no siblings were affected more as compared to others. The proportion of positive I scores (≥5), A score (≥7), E score (≥7) &total score (≥15) before and during COVID-19 were statistically significant among children. Conclusion:The psychological health of children and adolescents should be regularly screened by caregivers and teachers as early recognition and steps taken for it may help mitigate deleterious effects in the future.