Background: Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. If left untreated may lead to infection or thrombus formation. Early detection and appropriate interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of cannula related phlebitis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing as compared to heparinoid ointment application on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis. Materials and Methods: A Quasi-experimental design was carried among admitted patients in Medical-Surgical Units of BPKIHS. Out among 50 admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis. Simple random sampling technique was used to allocate the wards to each interventional group and purposive sampling technique to select samples where instruments baseline Performa and observation scale was used to collect data. Results: The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both interventions. Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Regarding effectiveness, there was a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score in both experimental groups after comparison baseline within 8, 16, 32, 40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). The mean visual infusion scale score was more in MSG group as compared with that of HPA group. It shows that there is more reduction of VIP score in Magnesium sulphate with glycerin (MSG) group. Conclusion: In the research, study findings revealed that Magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing is more effective than heparinoid ointment on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Aware­ness of risk factors of CVD is the first step towards effective preventive strategies to combat the CVD burden in diabetes patients. This study aimed to assess the awareness of risk factors of CVD among patients with diabetes mellitus attending diabetic clinic of B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS). Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among 112 patients with diabetes in diabetic clinic of BPKIHS. Convenient sampling was used for data collection over duration of six weeks using interview schedule by HDFQ II tool. The data were analyzed in the statistical package for social sci­ence software (SPSS) 16 versions and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of respondent were aware about common risk factors such as (83.9%) smoking, (78.6%) physical activity, (75%) increasing age, (75.9%) high blood pressure, (71.4%) overweight respectively. Whereas most of the respondents were not aware about high cholesterol, fatty diet, preventive strategies and association of diabetes with CVD. Awareness was statistically significant with educational status, monthly income, residence, CVD information received and co-morbid condition as a heart disease. Conclusions: Based on finding most of the respondents were aware about common risk factor even though they have inadequate level of awareness on overall risk factors of CVD among the risk factor they were poorly aware about cholesterol, gender and preventive aspect. So Effective education on diet and appropriate preventive strategies of CVD are indeed important to reduce CVD burden in diabetes patients.