In recent years, the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has been increasing. Like WSNs protocols development, localization is the main issue and needed to address several areas including 3D and mobile anchor-based localization algorithms. WSNs are being used widely in different fields like environment, disaster relief, target tracking and several other applications like the SCADA system for the high voltage of electricity. In many applications, node localization is very important in which the system needed to know the exact location of the event. This paper addresses the main ideas and techniques published in recent years. We highlight the error performance analysis between the algorithms stated static 3D localization.

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Smart Electric Grids are authentically tracked and managed using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for different applications in the field of Smart Grid applications. The purpose of this paper is to simulate and scrutinize the performance of four WSN Routing protocols operating in various smart grid environments. The four WSN routing protocols that will be analyzed in this paper are the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Centralized LEACH (LEACT-C) and two conventional protocols namely Minimum Transmission Energy (MTE) and Static Clustering. It is important to select and use the appropriate WSN routing protocol for smart grid applications and this study provides an understanding of how each protocol perform under different environments. The results of the study have shown that the clustering approach is more reliable than the conventional protocols namely static clustering and MTE. Rather, uniform dissipation of energy through the sensor nodes was observed in the clustering approach which is important as it increases the lifetime of the networks through less energy consumption.