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Background: Early identification of the BMI and muscle weakness, can be promoted for developing future rehabilitation by giving proper training in athletes to reduce chance of injuries especially in female athletes. There-for the purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between BMI and hip muscle strength in young female athletes. Materials and Methods: study was conducted among college level female athletes from different colleges of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. 20 college level female athletes between 18-25 years with free from injury and involved at least 2 hrs. per week training session were included in this study. Athletes were excluded if participant had an acute injury during previous six months, had musculoskeletal surgery within the past year. Results: The total number of 20 young female athletes aged between 18- 25 were included in this study. Detailed results enumerated in detail in the results section. Discussion and Conclusion: There was no relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength. Identifying the relationship between BMI and hip muscle strength may help to prevent lower extremity injury risk in female athletes and specific muscle group training can be given as rehabilitation protocol. KEY WORDS: BMI, Hip Muscle Strength, Female Athletes, Lower Extremity Injury.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Positional Release Therapy (PRT) for treating Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) in the upper trapezius muscle on outcomes of pain, Range of Motion (ROM) and disability. Methods: Twenty-one patients of mean age 29±12.48 years were screened for inclusion/exclusion criteria. The PRT was administered three times a week for 4 weeks. The verbal Numerical Pain Rating scale (NPRS), active cervical contralateral flexion (ACLF) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were recorded at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks. Descriptive statistics in the form of mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. Results and Conclusion:Increase in ROM and alleviated levels of pain and disability were noted in all participants post treatment. This case series suggests that a short-term manual therapy technique, such as the PRT would be beneficial in treating individuals with upper trapezius TrPs.

CONTEXT: Migraine is a primary episodic headache disorder, characterized by combinations of neurological, gastrointestinal, and autonomic changes in the body. Migraine patients are more likely to self-report neck pain, to have more cervical trigger points and tenderness over cervical muscles. Neck flexor and extensor muscles have shown decreased strength in migraine patients. AIMS: To determine the effectiveness of neck flexors and extensors muscles strengthening exercises on pain and function in migraine patients. SETTING AND DESIGN: A case–control study was conducted among 14 individuals of ages 20–30 years with Migraine in a Tertiary Care Hospital, India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fourteen migraine patients were selected for the study and neck flexor and extensor strengthening exercises were administered for 4 weeks. The pain, cervical range of motion, and disability were measured using visual analog scale (VAS), universal goniometer, migraine disability assessment score (MIDAS) before and after the intervention. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 26.0. Values are expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation (X[Combining Macron] ± SD). Statistical analysis to compare pre and post group was done using paired t-test. RESULTS: Paired t-test was used to compare the interventions within the group. Statistical analysis showed significant improvement in pain and function on migraine patients after 4 weeks of treatment. VAS (t = 6.358, P < 0.05), MIDAS (t = 3.798, P < 0.05), ROM (t = 5.014, 2.851, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study concluded that strengthening exercises of both neck flexors and extensors muscles reduced pain and improved function in migraine patients.