CT-P13 appears to have comparable efficacy, safety, and interchangeability with its originator in the treatment of IBD. Further prospective studies with long-term follow-up periods will be needed to confirm the biosimilarity of CT-P13.

Background/AimsSleep disturbances and emotional dysfunction are commonly associated with gastroeophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aims of this study were to evaluate GERD symptoms and disturbance in erosive reflux disease (ERD) and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) patients, and to compare sleep dysfunction, depressive mood, anxiety and quality of life (QOL) among the control, ERD and NERD patients in Korea.MethodsThe Korean subjects were enrolled between 2010 and 2012, classified into 3 groups; the control group with no symptom and normal endoscopic findings, the ERD group with erosive esophagitis and the NERD group with more than one episode of heartburn or acid regurgitation per week, positive response to proton pump inhibitor, and normal endoscopic findings. Questionnaire included GERD symptoms, GERD impact scale (GIS) and daytime pathological sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale), sleep dysfunction (Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI), depression and anxiety (Hospital anxiety and depression scale, HADS) and QOL (WHO quality of life scale abbreviated version, WHOQOL-BREF).ResultsA total of 217 subjects were enrolled as follows; control (n = 70), ERD (n = 70) and NERD (n = 77). Impact of symptom of GIS score was higher in the NERD (9.2 ± 0.4) than in the ERD (6.5 ± 0.3) group (P < 0.001). Sleep dysfunctions were more frequent in GERD than the control group (PSQI score [P = 0.021]). Anxiety subscale of HAD score was higher in NERD (7.0 ± 0.5, P = 0.002) and ERD (6.2 ± 0.7, P = 0.004) groups than control (4.3 ± 0.7) group. WHOQOL-BREF scores in NERD (54.9 ± 2.3) and ERD (57.8 ± 2.4) groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (63.8 ± 2.4) (P = 0.002; P = 0.014, respectively). ConclusionsThe patients with NERD than ERD suffered more from the symptoms and disturbance in Korea. Sleep dysfunction and anxiety mood were higher and QOL was decreased in GERD, especially in NERD, suggesting that those factors might affect the severity of NERD.

Background/AimsAging gastric mucosa is known to have decreased mucosal defenses and increased susceptibility to injury by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Depending on the type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), the underlying mechanisms and the extent of damage to the stomach or intestine may differ. This study was performed to evaluate the acute gastric damage caused by different doses of indomethacin, diclofenac and aspirin in rats of various ages.MethodsFor the acute models, indomethacin (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg), diclofenac (40 or 80 mg/kg) or aspirin (100 mg/kg) was given to 7- and 25-week-old and 1-year-old Sprague-Dawley rats by intragastric gavage. The gross ulcer index, damage area as assessed by imaging, histological index, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) levels were measured after 24 hours.ResultsThe gross ulcer index and damage area increased with age in the presence of three NSAIDs (p<0.05). The increases in MPO levels induced by diclofenac and aspirin were significantly higher in 1-year-old than 7-week-old rats (p<0.05). cPLA2 expression induced by indomethacin (10 and 40 mg/kg) was greater in the 1-year-old rats, compared with 7-week-old rats (p<0.05).ConclusionsNSAID-induced acute gastric damage increased in a dose- and age-dependent manner.

Background/Aims: Colonic diverticular bleeding cases account for 30-40% of the lower gastrointestinal bleeding, among which, 3-5% appear to be massive bleeding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for colonic diverticular bleeding diagnosed by colonoscopic examination. Methods: Among the 1,003 patients, who were identified to have colonic diverticulosis including sleeding by diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding coding search, 216 patients had diverculosis, and they were divided into two groups: one with diverticular bleeding, and the other without bleeding. We evaluated the potential risk factors for diverticular bleeding, based on age, gender, location of diverticulum, comorbidities related to atherosclerosis, smoking, alcohol and medications, and compared them between both groups. Results: Among the 216 patients, we observed colonic diverticular bleeding in 35 patients (16.2%). The mean age of the bleeding group was significantly older than that of non-bleeding group. No difference was observed regarding gender ratio. Right colonic diverticula were common in both groups, but there were higher proportion of patients with bleeding in bilateral diverticuosis. Old age, bilateral diverticulosis, presence of atherosclerosis related diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, obesity), use of aspirin, NSAIDs and calcium channel blocker, increased the risk of bleeding. In a multivariate analysis, use of aspirin and bilateral diverticulosis were identified as independent risk factors for colonic diverticular bleeding. Conclusions: Since the patients who took aspirin and/or had bilateral colonic diverticulosis increased the risk of bleeding from divertuculi. As such, caution and education of patients are required. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2012;60:349-354)

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