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Background Melanoma is one of the most common malignancies during pregnancy. There is debate regarding the impact of pregnancy on the prognosis of melanoma. Recent large population‐based studies from the United States are lacking. Objectives To determine the characteristics and survival of women with pregnancy‐associated melanoma. Methods This population‐based, retrospective cohort study used California Cancer Registry data linked with state‐wide hospitalization and ambulatory surgery data to identify 15–44‐year‐old female patients diagnosed with melanoma in 1994–2015, including pregnant patients. Multivariable logistic regression compared demographic and clinical characteristics between pregnant and non‐pregnant women with melanoma. Multivariable cox proportional hazards regression models assessed melanoma‐specific and overall survival. Results We identified 13 108 patients, of which 1406 were pregnant. Pregnancy‐associated melanoma was more frequent in Hispanic compared to non‐Hispanic White women. Melanoma occurring post‐partum was associated with greater tumour thickness (2.01–4.00 vs. 0.01–1.00 mm, odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–2.98). There were otherwise no significant differences between pregnant and non‐pregnant women. Worse survival was associated with Asian, Black and Native American race/ethnicity (vs. non‐Hispanic White), lower neighbourhood socio‐economic status, public insurance, tumour site, greater tumour thickness and lymph node involvement, but not pregnancy. Conclusions Melanoma occurring post‐partum was associated with greater tumour thickness, but pregnancy status did not affect survival after melanoma. Race/ethnicity, socio‐economic status and health insurance impacted survival, emphasizing the importance of reducing health disparities.

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Conclusion: In this analysis prior to the introduction of immunotherapies for NSCLC, OS was similar to real world OS in the published literature. The survival was worse in the single agent chemotherapy group while it is superior in platinum doublets group. Overall survival was longest in patients treated with targeted therapy.

Background: Cisplatin resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of both non-small (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Cisplatin has been reported to cause DNA damages and oxidative stress leading to numerous changes in cell physiology in transcriptional and protein levels. Thus, cisplatin-resistant (CR) cancer cells could alter the proteasome expression to eliminate abnormal proteins induced by cisplatin. Here, we examined the status of proteasomes in CR lung cancer cells and whether proteasomes could be a therapeutic target to overcome cisplatin resistance in lung cancer. Method: CR variants were established from three NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1299, and H1975) and two SCLC cell lines (SBC3 and SBC5) in our laboratory. The activity of 20S proteasome core enzyme, the expressions of proteasome subunits, and the sensitivity of immunoproteasome inhibitors, Carfilzomib (CFZ) and PR957, were examined in these CR cells. Result: The CR cells showed higher activity of 20S proteasome core enzyme compared with the parent cell counterparts. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that all of the five CR cells had significantly higher expressions of immunoproteasomes, including PSMB8 and PSMB9, while no remarkable changes were observed in the expressions of standard proteasomes. H1299 and SBC3 cells became more sensitive to CFZ and PR957 when acquiring resistance to cisplatin. CFZ induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in CR variants of H1299 and SBC3. Conclusion: Immunoproteasome can be a therapeutic target in a portion of cisplatin-resistant both of NSCLC and SCLC.