Energy conservation issues and environmental problems in recent years have increased interest in traditional architecture which is well known for its energy saving designs. This paper thoroughly investigates vernacular housing designs and evaluates on the aspect of building physics. A new research methodology which is adapted to the natural and social context of Vietnam was proposed and applied. The process was carried out step by step, including: climate zoning, systematic analysis, in-situ survey and building simulations. The results of this study indicate that vernacular housing in Vietnam is creatively adapted to the local natural conditions and uses various climate responsive strategies. Through this study, the most frequently used strategies and their effectiveness were derived. The authors also found that under extreme weather conditions, traditional designs might not be sufficient to maintain indoor thermal comfort.

ObjectivesTo report the anatomical characteristics of the ACL in Vietnamese individuals.Subjects and methodsTen fresh knees were dissected to investigate the anatomical characteristics of ACL. The insertion position, length and diameter of ACL were measured.ResultsThe average lengths of AM and PL bundle of the ACL were 30.6 mm and 25.6 mm, respectively. The average sizes of the femoral and tibial ACL attachment sites were 13.8 × 10.6 mm and 13.4 × 10.2 mm, respectively.ConclusionThe anatomical characterisitcs of the ACL in Vietnamese individuals were reported.

Current literature has shown a biomechanical advantage of recreating the native coronal obliquity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during grating procedures; however, the majority of studies on ACL morphological variation have been performed unilaterally. This cadaveric study aimed to evaluate sided ACL coronal angle of inclination variation including trend analysis with sex, age, height, and femoral condyle width. The ACLs of 57 embalmed cadaveric specimens were evaluated bilaterally for a total of 114 ACLs. The knees were flexed to 110 . A 0.70-mm wire measured coronal angulation through the lateral tibial plateau and the medial ACL border. An image taken of the wire allowed digital measurement with the ImageJ software. IBM SPSS was utilized for statistical analysis. Bilateral measurements demonstrated a difference in an individual's sided ACL angulation (P < 0.001). Right-sided angulation was greater in 61.4% (35/57). In cadavers with greater right-side angulation, right ACLs averaged 66.2 versus left ACLs averaged 60.9 (P < 0.001). Cadavers with greater leftsided ACL angles demonstrated average left ACLs measuring 65.5 versus right ACLs measuring 60.6 (P < 0.001). Right-sided angles were greater in 69.7% of females. Understanding the anatomy of the ACL's native coronal angle and variations between a patient's knees is imperative during reconstruction surgery to aid in anatomic tunnel placement for improved knee motion and rotational knee kinematics following surgery. A statistically significant difference exists between an individual's right and left ACL coronal angles of inclination.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies. Even though the detection of a rise and/or fall of cTn values with at least one value above the 99th percentile URL is the key in diagnose of ACS, the role of electrocardiogram (ECG) still plays an important role in ACS simply because of its sensitivity and specificity. In clinical practice, ST-Elevation Myocardial infarction (STEMI) is easy for physicians and cardiologists to identify. STEMI is defined by new ST-elevation at the J-point in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy and bundle branch block with two contiguous leads with cut-point: ≥ 1mm in all leads other than V2-V3 where the following cut-point apply: ≥ 2mm in men ≥ 40 years; ≥2.5mm in men < 40 years, or ≥ 1.5mm in women regardless of age.

Background: Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) is common in the elderly with a prevalence of 10% in the age group.than 80. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the recommended treatment for patients with symptomatic severe AS. In certain cases, bridging to AVR with a balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may be needed to stablise the patient. We present a trans-radial BAV case. Case: A frail 76 year-old female with severe AS (mean gradient 70mmHg) admitted with congestive cardiac failure was being considered for trans-catheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Due to complex access, anatomical issues and frailty, she was planned for a BAV to assess her symptomatic improvement prior to undertaking an alternate access TAVI. A trans-femoral route was initially attempted. Under conscious sedation, a 5-French sheath was inserted into the right common femoral artery (left common femoral was occluded) under ultrasound guidance with the use of a micro-puncture needle. A slippery wire and a BMW wire were unsuccessful in crossing a severely stenosed external iliac artery. With repeated attempts a retrograde dissection resulted, and this strategy was abandoned. A 6-French radial sheath was inserted and upgraded to a 7-French. The aortic valve was crossed with an AL 0.75 and a straight wire. BAV was undertaken with a 16 mm TYSHAK II (7French compatible). Trans-aortic Peak to Peak gradient went from 80mmHg to 50mmHG. Haemostasis achieved with a TR Band and manual pressure. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case of a successful BAV via the radial approach.