The use of Open source tools has been increasing over the years in various fields including the teaching and learning field. It is a better way of utilizing tools with a lower cost than the market tools that are available as well as the same tool can be customized to fit an institute (or a specialization). By integrating the collaborative methods and techniques with the open source tools that were customized, the students and teachers would be able to achieve collaborative teaching and learning more effectively as well as the teacher would have a better way of delivering the learning outcomes by the help of the tools. Moreover, the tools would assist in clearing the distractions that the students may have during the class by giving them tasks through tools and keep them engaged and away from what can distract the students during a lecture. Furthermore, open source tools can provide a rather fun and unique experience for the students to interact with each other as well as with the teacher to meet the objectives of the modules as well as build a sense of teamwork between the students which can help the student not only achieve the learning outcomes but also assist in their careers after they finish with their studies. The open source tools will be divided into categories through which the teachers would be able to choose from depending on the learning outcomes of their lessons. A framework is suggested by the authors to use the open source tools in the most effective way.

The education sector has already embraced the new generation of technology and started working towards the enhancement of various teaching and learning strategies. With the involvement of various e-tools, teaching and learning process is reaching its next level of implementation. At present, almost every educational establishment is working on implementing various e-resources on their own Virtual Learning Environment. Some of these are even cloud-based and hence enable the end-users (teachers and students), to access the e-resources and collaborate in-class activities even from remote locations. When it comes to group assessments, various collaborative tools come into the picture. Many educational organizations allow their students to access social media platform such as Facebook etc and conduct collaborative exercises on it. One of the critical aspects of enhancing learning through social networks is the fact that distance or off-campus students are limited from meeting with their teachers and addressing them face-to-face. However, both on-campus and off-campus students do have a Facebook account, thus breaking the distance barrier between students and teachers. By using Facebook chat, students can communicate in real-time with each other or with their lecturers. Other such platforms include Microsoft Kaizala, which is becoming popular during these days since it doesn't require the participants to share their private accounts or mobile numbers in order to do an online collaboration for academic purpose. This research paper contains a study of various online collaborative tools, their pros and cons, recommendations for usage and implementation. Finally, the authors will reflect on their studies and suggest various ways of implementations for different purpose and nature of assessments, in order to cover the learning outcomes of the session.

The developing technology has influenced and enhanced the life around us, so the use of the digital resources must not be hindered to serve the educational, teaching and learning sectors, in the modern times more emphasis is laid on the ways of education, relating to the teaching and learning techniques or methods used in the institutions, colleges or universities, on how the learning and teaching methods be enhanced so the students learn more comfortably and in a better way suiting their capacity or learning demands. As well, it will help the teachers to convey the topic concepts in a more relevant way to the students, helping them understand better and learn in an effective way. For this concept of enhancement in teaching and learning, many steps are been taken around the globe, many methods are been used like for instance the flip teaching technique, where the students are required to go through the learning material provided by the teacher to further explore the concepts, which are explained during the classes. Other methods include research-based learning and many more, but in the current course of time, individual traits of students when it comes to learning is often neglected, due to which the students find it difficult to understand and learn better, due to each student being unique and having various personalities and mindsets. A framework must be devised to enhance the earning ability of students based on their personalities. Modern technological tools must be used to support in the direction of teaching based on an individual's personalities and mindsets. Various groups can be formed of the students who fall into a certain category, teaching methods must be devised and quality checks must be ensured. Their learning outcomes must be measured based on their teaching methods implemented by the teachers.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a widespread network used in many daily life activities such as environment, health, and nuclear radiation. Since, WSNs are networks that consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner. Therefore, there are many important issues related to WSN such as energy consumption, end-to-end delay, and packets delivery ratio. This study aims to review the most recent works published in the field of quality of service (QoS) metrics in WSNs. It focuses on energy consumption, end-to-end delay and packets delivery ratio metrics. It will be helpful for researchers to know some of the trends and recent research in field of networking, as well as to learn some future works in this area.

The Planet Earth consists of various major components in order to sustain life on it. Every living creature generates waste or by-product. Waste disposal is the process of organisms returning substances back to the environment. It is anything that is purposeless or unwanted and requires disposal. Like any other process, it requires management which refers to a set of functions of organizing, planning, controlling and directing of resources. Therefore, waste management describes the procedures of the collection, conveyance, recycling or disposal and examining of waste. The entire process must be planned well, in order to avoid any discomfort or hazards to the living creatures (human/non-human). According to a study, the world generates over 2.6 trillion pounds of garbage each year. The first-ever method of waste management was documented to be in 3000 B.C. Landfills were developed and garbage was dumped and filled with dirt at various levels. Currently, Germany holds the highest standard in recycling across the world. Technology is a tool that has been repeatedly used to enhance processes. With the rise of innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart cities, the process of waste management has become a contender for enhancement. With the World producing different types of waste, researchers are struggling to define the most suitable waste management technique. Our education system must incorporate at least some modules in this direction, to implement and find its effectiveness. This paper will explore and review different waste management techniques, methods and research work, which has been implemented in various parts of the world. Further, the paper will explore various technologies related to IoT and how it can be implemented to manage the above-mentioned issue accordingly. The researchers will provide a critical review and discussion of the techniques explored based on the findings of their study.