Background: The main obvious manifestations in dysbetalipiproteinemia (DBL) are Apo-B, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) and Apo-E gene polymorphism, with a remarkable controversy in the results among different workers. The aim of the study was to find a suitable variable or formula for diagnosis of familial or secondary DBL in a sample of Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Material and methods: The study involved 50 patients with T2DM (mean age 46.48 ±9.3 years), 26 patients with CVD (mean age: 43.15±7.34 years) and 73 apparently healthy normal control individuals (mean age: 34.51±11.47 years) with almost equal male/female ratio. Serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Remnant like particles RLP, Apo-B, and Apo-E) were estimated in patients and controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of non-HDL-c and non-HDL-c /Apo-B in the context of discrimination between patients with- and without DBL. Results: All measured serum lipids, were higher in patients than controls, except HDL-c. Using Sniderman algorithm, 13 patients (18.06%) among T2DM and CVD were considered to have DBL, while none of control group had this disorder. Conclusion Based on Sniderman algorithm, ROC revealed a better specificity and sensitivity for non- HDLc to diagnose DBL, Keywords: dysbetalipoproteinemia, Apo-B, Non- HDL cholesterol, Sniderman algorithm, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus.

Backgrounds: Granzyme B (GzmB) is the main effective weapon of adaptive immune response that involved in killing of the infective as well as cancerous cells. Serum concentration and/or activity of GzmB may influence the course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Aims of the study: To investigate the role of serum level of GzmB and its activity as well as the effect of serpin B9 inhibitor on serum level of GzmB in patients with HCC. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which included 85 patients with CHB. Those patients were divided into two groups: Group 1: includes 45 patients diagnosed with HCC, group 2: includes 40 Patients without HCC. Demographic data of the patients were collected from direct interview. Liver function test were measured spectrophotometrically. Granzyme B activity was estimated using spectrophotometry. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure Granzyme B concentration, serum level of and serpin B9. Results: Patients without HCC had significantly higher activity (median: 58 pmol, range: 34.0-130.0 pmol) and concentration (median; 31 pg/ml, range: 0.0-383.0 pg/ml) than those without HCC (median activity: 26, range: 7.0-63.0, median concentration: 18.7 pg/ml, range: 0.0-52.0 pg/ml) with highly significant differences. Conclusions: Granzyme B activity and concentration are significantly reduced in CHB patients with HCC compared with those without HCC. Thus, the reduction in GzmB activity cannot be attributed to increase Serpin B9, rather the GzmB polymorphism may be the main effector. Keywords: Chronic hepatitis B, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Granzyme B activity and concentration, Serpin B9