Background: Complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) includes coagulation impairment. Hypercoagulable state in patient with DM may accelerate thromboembolic risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective: To assess Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in type 2 diabetes mellitus for observing their coagubility status.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2013 to June 2014. One hundred male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 40-60 years and one hundred age, BMI matched healthy subjects were included as control in this study. Patients were selected from BIRDEM, Dhaka. Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) were estimated by auto analyzer. For statistical analysis unpaired student’t test was used.Results: In this study PT and APTT were significantly (P<0.001) lower in diabetes mellitus than those of control group.Conclusion: From this study, it may be concluded that diabetic patients are prone to develop coagulation impairment.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, June; 10(1): 26-29

Background: Liver diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Punica granatum may have free radical scavenging activity and it can be used for the prevention and treatment of liver damage. Objective: To observe the hepatoprotective effects of Punica granatum on CCl 4 induced liver damage in rats. Methods: The experimental study was carried out in the Dept of Physiology, Dhaka Medical Ccollege, Dhaka from July 2013 to June 2014. For this purpose, 36 wistar albino rats were studied. After acclimatization for 7 days, they were divided into two groups-control and experimental group. Control group were subdivided into BC (Baseline control), CC (CCl 4 treated control) and SC (Silymarin treated control). Experimental group were subdivided into CP-APT (CCl 4 pretreated and aqueous extract of pomegranate treated), CP-EPT (CCl 4 pretreated and ethanolic extract of pomegranate treated) and APP-CT (Aqueous extract of pomegranate pretreated and CCl 4 treated). Each sub group consisted of 6 rats. All rats received basal diet for 8 days. In addition to basal diet on 8 th day, BC received single dose olive oil and CC received CCl 4 . Rats of SC received silymarin for 8consecutive days . In experimental groups, CP-APT received aqueous extract of Pomegranate and CP-EPT received ethanolic extract of Pomegranate for 8consecutive days. Moreover, APP-CT received aqueous extract of Pomegranate for 8 consecutive days and CCl 4 only on 8 th day. All rats were sacrificed on 9 th day and then blood samples were collected. Serum ALT and AST levels were estimated by using standard laboratory kits. Statistical analysis was done one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. Results: The mean serum AST and ALT levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in CC in comparison to those of BC. Serum AST and ALT levels of all experimental groups were significantly (P<0.001) lower than CC. Silymarin used as a standard reference also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity Conclusion: From the result of present study it can be concluded that, Pomegranate may have hepatoprotective effect by lowering ALT and AST levels.

Background and objectives: Infertility is a global health problem including Bangladesh. Altered thyroid and prolactin levels have been implicated as a cause of infertility. The study was undertaken to find out the serum thyroid hormones and prolactin status in women with primary and secondary infertility. Methods: Women with primary and secondary infertility were enrolled. Fertile age-matched women were included as control. The anthropometric details (age, height and weight) were recorded. Overnight fasting blood sample was collected on 2nd day of menstrual cycle of the follicular phase. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum prolactin (PRL) was estimated by radioimmunoassay. Results: A total of 150 women were enrolled in the study. Out of 150 women, 50 had primary and 50 had secondary infertility while 50 women were age-matched fertile women as control. The mean TSH levels of both infertility groups were significantly higher than that of fertile women. Regarding thyroid function, 24% and 28% of women with primary and secondary infertility had hypothyroidism respectively. The serum prolactin level was high in 42.9% and 50% of hypothyroid cases in primary and secondary infertility groups respectively. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated high occurrence of hypothyroidism with raised serum prolactin levels among infertile females emphasizing the importance of estimating both serum TSH and prolactin in infertility. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 41-46

Background: Due to large number of vehicles, air pollution is increasing day by day in Dhaka city. Automobile exhaust cause acute and chronic respiratory disease in traffic policemen as they are exposed to air pollution for prolong period of time.Objective: To observe the effect of long term exposure to air pollution on FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% of traffic policemen.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. Fifty apparently healthy traffic policemen with the age 25 to 45 years were selected as study group. Fifty age and BMI matched healthy male subjects were selected as control. The study subjects were selected from different traffic junctions and the control from different offices of Dhaka city. FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% of all the subjects were measured by a digital spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by Independent sample ‘t’ test.Results: In this study FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were significantly (p< 0.001) lower in the traffic policemen than the control group.Conclusion: From the result of this study it can be concluded that prolonged exposure to air pollution may decrease pulmonary function of the traffic policemen in Dhaka city.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, December; 11(2): 39-42

Background: Air pollution is increasing day by day in Dhaka city due to automobile exhaust emitted from huge number of vehicles. Automobile pollutants inhalation would increase the blood lead level which may be associated with acute and chronic respiratory disease.Objective: To observe the relationship of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC% with serum lead level in traffic policemen in Dhaka city.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC),Dhaka from July 2014 to June 2015. The study group enrolled 50 apparently healthy traffic policemen aged 25 to 45 years engaged in traffic control at different traffic junctions of Dhaka city and the control group consisted of apparently healthy subjects working in bank and different offices in Dhaka city with similar BMI and age to traffic police subjects. FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% of all the subjects were measured by digital spirometer and serum lead level was estimated by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was done by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Independent sample ‘t’ test.Results: In this study, serum lead level was found significantly higher in the traffic policemen than the control group. FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC showed negative correlation with serum Lead level but it was not statistically significant.Conclusion: From the result of this study, it can be concluded that traffic policemen may be in greater exposure to severe air pollution with higher lead content in Dhaka city and it may affect their lung function.J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2018, June; 13(1): 13-16