Background: Cancer patients with autoimmune disease (AID) are usually excluded from clinical trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); their safety and effectiveness remain uncertainty.Methods: The available electronic databases were systematically searched. We recorded the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of included studies.Results: This meta-analysis included 11 studies comprising 5489 participants. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for any grade and grade ≥3 irAEs was 1.79 (95% con dence interval [CI]: 1.31-2.45) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.06-2.36), respectively. The irAEs in the same system as the AID were referred to as AID-homogeneous irAEs, otherwise known as AID-heterogeneous irAEs. Subgroup analysis found that the higher risk of AID-homogeneous irAEs contributed to the higher risk of overall irAEs among patients with AID. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96-1.25) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68-1.77), respectively. The results of PFS and OS subgroup analyses matched the overall results.Conclusion: patients with AID had a signi cantly higher risk of developing any grade and ≥3 grade irAEs under ICI therapy, speci cally AIDhomogeneous irAEs; however, AID-heterogeneous irAEs were higher among patients with AID than in those without. No statistically signi cant differences in PFS and OS were observed between two groups.

Background: Cancer patients with autoimmune disease (AID) usually have been excluded from the clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The safety and effectiveness of ICIs for these patients remain uncertainty.Methods: A systematic search was conducted in available electronic database. We collected the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from included studies.Results: 11 studies including 5489 participants were incorporated in our meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for any grade and grade ≥3 irAEs were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.31-2.45) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.06-2.36), respectively. When irAEs were from the same system as AID, we called the irAEs as AID-homogeneous irAEs, otherwise as AID-heterogeneous irAEs. Subgroup analysis found that the higher risk of AID-homogeneous irAEs contributed to the higher risk of overall irAEs of AID patients. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96–1.25) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68–1.77), respectively. The results of subgroup analyses for PFS and OS matched the overall results well.Conclusion: AID patients were significantly associated with a higher risk of irAEs in any grade and ≥3 grade under ICIs therapy. Specifically, AID-homogeneous irAEs but AID-heterogeneous irAEs were higher in AID patients than without AID patients. No statistically significant difference in PFS and OS were observed in patients with and without AID.

Background Cancer patients with autoimmune disease (AID) usually have been excluded from the clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The safety and effectiveness of ICIs for these patients remain uncertainty. Methods A systematic search was conducted in available electronic database. We collected the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from included studies. Results 11 studies including 5489 participants were incorporated in our meta-analysis. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for any grade and grade ≥ 3 irAEs were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.31–2.45) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.06–2.36), respectively. When irAEs were from the same system as AID, we called the irAEs as AID-homogeneous irAEs, otherwise as AID-heterogeneous irAEs. Subgroup analysis found that the higher risk of AID-homogeneous irAEs contributed to the higher risk of overall irAEs of AID patients. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96–1.25) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68–1.77), respectively. The results of subgroup analyses for PFS and OS matched the overall results well. Conclusion AID patients were significantly associated with a higher risk of irAEs in any grade and ≥ 3 grade under ICIs therapy. Specifically, AID-homogeneous irAEs but AID-heterogeneous irAEs were higher in AID patients than without AID patients. No statistically significant difference in PFS and OS were observed in patients with and without AID.

Background: Cancer patients with autoimmune disease (AID) are usually excluded from clinical trials involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); their safety and effectiveness remain uncertainty. Methods: The available electronic databases were systematically searched. We recorded the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of included studies. Results: This meta-analysis included 11 studies comprising 5489 participants. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for any grade and grade ≥3 irAEs was 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-2.45) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.06-2.36), respectively. The irAEs in the same system as the AID were referred to as AID-homogeneous irAEs, otherwise known as AID-heterogeneous irAEs. Subgroup analysis found that the higher risk of AID-homogeneous irAEs contributed to the higher risk of overall irAEs among patients with AID. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for PFS and OS was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.96–1.25) and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68–1.77), respectively. The results of PFS and OS subgroup analyses matched the overall results. Conclusion: patients with AID had a significantly higher risk of developing any grade and ≥3 grade irAEs under ICI therapy, specifically AID-homogeneous irAEs; however, AID-heterogeneous irAEs were higher among patients with AID than in those without. No statistically significant differences in PFS and OS were observed between two groups.