The amino acids and other components of diet provide nourishment for piglet intestinal development and maturation. However, early-weaned piglets struggle with tremendous stress, impairing normal intestinal health and leading to intestinal dysfunction and even death. The high prevalence worldwide of post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome (PWDS) in piglets has led to much interest in understanding the important role of nutrients in the establishment and maintenance of a functional intestinal tract. In particular, the impacts of amino acids on these functions must be considered. Amino acid levels greatly influence intestinal development in weaning piglets. The lack of amino acids can cause marked structural and functional changes in the intestine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the functions of amino acids is necessary to optimize amino acid requirements of the developing intestinal tract to maximize piglet health and growth performance. This review summarizes the role of specific amino acids (arginine, glutamate, threonine, sulphur-containing amino acids (SCAAs), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)) that have been proven to be beneficial for the intestinal health of weaned piglets.

Enantioselective C−H alkylation of ferrocene carboxamides with diazomalonates using an achiral Cp*Ir(III)/chiral carboxylic acid is described. The combination of achiral Cp*Ir(III) complex and a binaphthyl-based chiral carboxylic acid provided planar...

An efficient synthesis of ferrocene derivatives via rhodium(III)‐catalyzed direct C−H alkylation with diazo compounds under weakly coordinating group has been presented. This protocol provides an approach towards access to various ferrocene derivatives using carboxamides, giving alkylated ferrocenes in high yields (up to 87%).

During the past decades, in synthetic organic chemistry, directing-group-assisted CÀ H functionalization is found to be a key tool for the expedient and site-selective construction of CÀ C and hybrid bonds. Among CÀ H functionalization of ferrocene derivatives, the directed group strategy is undoubtedly the most commonly used method. Compared to the other directing groups, ferrocene amides can be synthesized easily and are now recognized as one of the most efficient tools for the selective functionalization of certain positions because its metal centre permits fine, tuneable and reversible coordination. The family of amide directing groups mainly comprises monodentate and bidentate directing groups, which are categorized on the basis of coordination sites. In this review, various CÀ H bond functionalization reactions of ferrocene using amide directing groups are broadly discussed.

Photosensitizers (PSs) with nano- or micro-sized pore provide a great promise in the conversion of light energy into chemical fuel due to the excellent promotion for transporting singlet oxygen (1O2) into active sites. Despite such hollow PSs can be achieved by introducing molecular-level PSs into porous skeleton, however, the catalytic efficiency is far away from imagination because of the problems with pore deformation and blocking. Here, very ordered porous PSs with excellent 1O2 generation are presented from cross-linking of hierarchical porous laminates originated by co-assembly of hydrogen donative PSs and functionalized acceptor. The catalytic performance strongly depends on the preformed porous architectures, which is regulated by special recognition of hydrogen binding. As the increasing of hydrogen acceptor quantities, 2D-organized PSs laminates gradually transform into uniformly perforated porous layers with highly dispersed molecular PSs. The premature termination by porous assembly endows superior activity as well as specific selectivity for the photo-oxidative degradation, which contributes to efficient purification in aryl-bromination without any postprocessing.