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Introduction Kidney transplant recipients are at increased susceptibility to many viral infections leading to justifiable anxiety about the effects of COVID-19. Methods We performed literature searches from multiple resources in April and August 2020 for relevant English and Chinese literature. Abstracts were screened, followed by full-text review with data extraction of reports that included at least 20 kidney transplant recipients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and completed outcomes. Results Twenty studies had sufficient data which we have summarised. Studies were predominantly descriptive and came from France, Italy, Spain, Turkey, UK, and USA. Quality assessment demonstrated limitations in selection of comparison groups and controlling for additional factors. Mortality rates from published studies were variable. Based on early data early from Spain, 46% of patients who developed COVID-19 within 60 days of transplantation died. Acute kidney injury was common, and mycophenolate was discontinued in most patients. Conclusion Given the rapid global spread of COVID-19, reliable evidence is needed to inform public health policies. Hospitalised kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 are at a high risk of death in early reports but interpretation of this data requires caution as studies were susceptible to period effects. Reassuringly, the quality of observational data is improving. Detailed and comprehensive data collection through linked registries will be necessary to conduct accurate analyses of risk factors for adverse outcomes, not least given the risks of stopping immunosuppression. This report highlights the early mortality excess in transplant recipients but medium and longer-term outcomes remain uncertain and merit careful investigation.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has guided health maintenance and disease treatment for thousands of years and has been widely used in many countries around the world. TCM regards each individual as unique so all corresponding therapeutic and preventive approaches in TCM are personalized. Personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, is an emerging medical paradigm that points toward a new direction for future medical development. TCM constitution studies the holistic body condition, which is affected by both inborn and acquired factors. Body constitution lays the foundation for disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Different constitution types predispose individuals to different disease susceptibilities. Examining an individual’s unique body constitution can promote effective health management and benefit the application of personalized medicine significantly. This review will introduce and discuss the application of the TCM constitution for health maintenance and disease prevention. In last decade, a number of modern techniques have been employed in the constitution research to evaluate the health status of individuals. The TCM constitution reflects the current status and future trends of human health in four aspects, i.e., individual differences, life processes, psychological condition and adaptability to natural and social environments. This TCM constitution theory has already been applied in the Chinese public health management at different levels with promising outcome. The constitution theory and practice provide a new approach for health maintenance and disease prevention.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common etiological pathogen of bovine mastitis. The resistant strains make the disease difficult to cure. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic nature of the antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus cultured from bovine mastitis in Northwest China in 2014. A total of 44 S. aureus were isolated for antimicrobial resistance and resistance-related genes. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disc diffusion and the corresponding resistance genes were detected by PCR. Phenotype indicated that S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (84.09%), erythromycin (20.45%), tetracycline (15.91%), gentamicin (9.09%), tobramycin (6.82%), kanamycin (6.82%) and methicillin (2.27%). 9.09% of the S. aureus isolates were classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, genotypes showed that the isolates were resistant to rifampicin (100%, rpoB), penicillin (95.45%, blaZ), tetracycline (22.73%, tetK, tetM, alone or in combination), erythromycin (22.73%, ermB or ermC), gentamicin/tobramycin/kanamycin (2.27%, aacA-aphD), methicillin (2.27%, mecA) and vancomycin (2.27%, vanA). Resistance to tetracycline was attributed to the genes tetK and tetM (r=0.558, P<0.001). This study noted high-level geno-and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis cases in Northwest China.

In this work, a planar light-controlled artificial synapse having high photosensitivity (Ion/Ioff > 1000) with a high photocurrent and a low dark current is realized based on a ZnO thin film grown by radiofrequency sputtering.