In bridging the technology gap with the OECD nations, developing economies have access to three avenues of technological advance: domestic R&D, technology transfer, and foreign direct investment. This paper examines the contributions of each of these avenues, as well as their interactions, to productivity within Chinese industry. Based on a large data set for China's large and medium-size enterprises, the estimation results show that in-house R&D significantly complements technology transfer-whether of domestic or foreign origin. Foreign direct investment, which we assume is an important channel of proprietary technology transfer, does not facilitate the transfer of market-mediated foreign technology. © 2005 President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Taking a deep-mine horizontal roadway in inclined strata as our research object, the true triaxial simulation technique was used to establish a model of the inclined strata and carry out high-stress triaxial loading experiments. The experimental results show that the deformation of surrounding rock in the roadway presents heterogeneous deformation characteristics in time and space: the deformation of the surrounding rock at different positions of the roadway occurs at different times. In the process of deformation of the surrounding rock, deformation and failure occur at the floor of the roadway first, followed by the lower shoulder-angle of the roadway, and finally the rest of the roadway. The deformation amount in the various areas is different. The floor heave deformation of the roadway floor is the greatest and shows obvious left-right asymmetry. The deformation of the higher side is greater than that of the lower side. The model disassembly shows that the development of cracks in the surrounding rock is characterized by more cracks on the higher side and fewer cracks on the lower side but shows larger cracks across the width. The experimental results of high-stress deformation of the surrounding rock are helpful in the design of supports, the reinforcement scheme, and the parameter optimization of roadways in high-stress-inclined rock, and to improve the stability control of deep high-stress roadways.

A novel fiber reference optical readout method was proposed in the bi-material micro cantilever infrared imaging system, which consists of an infrared imaging channel, an optical readout channel and a fiber reference channel. The fiber reference channel is used to monitor the intensity fluctuation of the light source, and provide a signal to correct the distortion of the infrared images from the optical readout channel. Comparing with the typical optical readout method without any references, the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) of such an infrared imaging system with the fiber reference optical readout method can be reduced by about 33% and edges of the IR images become clearer.

The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanism of color moire/mura which appear in the display products with prism or ITO touch sensor stacked structure. We construct matlab simulation models to execute the image processing in the opponent color space by adding the perception contrast sensitivity (CSF), and the simulation intuitive color mura images match the actual phenomenon.

In the paper, we have improved the dark state light leakage caused by glass retardation from average level 2.4 to level 1.2 in ADS mode LCDs. We proposed several methods to reduce light leakage, including how to reduce stress between PS and array substrate and LC optical retardation Δnd optimization. All these proposed methods can be explained by glass stress and photo elastic theory.