Aqueous dispersion polymerization systems mediated by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process have been less studied in comparison with other heterogeneous polymerization systems due to limited number of monomer/polymer pairs that are suitable for such a condition. We report a novel dispersion polymerization system based on 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) which is highly water-soluble, but its polymer is not. Using a hydrophilic polymer, poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA), as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (Macro-CTA), both solution and dispersion polymerization of MEA were studied. Chain extension by MEA from PPEGMA was successfully realized in DMF solution polymerization. In dispersion polymerization of MEA in water, PPEGMA was used as both a RAFT mediating species and a steric stabilizer for the formed nanoparticles. The dispersion polymerization of MEA in water was highly efficient using a redox initiator, potassium persulfate/sodium ascorbate, at low temperatures. Simultaneous control of both colloidal stability and RAFT process was realized. Block copolymers with small polydispersity indices were efficiently produced up to complete monomer conversion at solids content up to 32% w/v, in the form of nanoparticles of 40–60 nm diameter.
Core cross-linked star polymers of low polydispersity were efficiently prepared in high yield by RAFT-mediated emulsion and dispersion polymerizations in water at high solid content. These star polymers were demonstrated to be effective emulsifiers, and the emulsion was successfully used as template to fabricate polymer particles.
Elevated PFKFB3 expression might contribute to synovial inflammation and aggressive behaviours of RA FLSs, suggesting a novel strategy of targeting PFKFB3 to prevent synovial inflammation and joint destruction in RA.
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