Epidemiological studies exploring the role of flavonoids intake in preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies to examine the relationship between flavonoids intake and risk of T2DM. We hypothesized that flavonoids intake may decrease the risk of developing T2DM.A systematical search in PubMed and Embase until September 2017 was performed to identify eligible prospective cohort studies. The summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect models. Dose-response pattern between total flavonoids intake and T2DM risk was also estimated.Eight prospective studies were included with 312,015 participants, of whom 19,953 developed T2DM during the follow-up periods of 4 to 28 years. Compared with lower consumption, high intake of total flavonoids was associated with a decreased risk of T2DM (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82–0.96). Among flavonoid subclasses, inverse correlations with T2DM were achieved for intakes of anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and isoflavones. Dose-response meta-analysis indicated a curvilinear relationship between total flavonoids intake and incident T2DM (P for nonlinearity = .042), with a significant risk reduction at an intake of ≥550 mg/day. When assuming a linear pattern, the risk of T2DM was decreased by 5% for each 300-mg/day increment in total flavonoids intake (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97).Our study suggests that higher intakes of total flavonoids and subclasses (anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and isoflavones) are associated with lower risk of T2DM.

Background The AJCC staging system is inadequate for use in patients with thyroid carcinomas. Here, we aimed to establish a nomogram for thyroid cancer, and we compare its prognostic value with the AJCC staging system in adults diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma. Material/Methods Patient records were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database. The 8491 included patients were divided into a modeling cohort (n=5943) and a validation cohort (n=2548). The variables included in the modeling cohort were selected using a backward stepwise selection method with Cox regression, and the prognosis nomogram was constructed. In the validation cohort, we compared our survival model with the AJCC prognosis model using the concordance index, the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, the net reclassification improvement, the integrated discrimination improvement, calibration plotting, and decision curve analysis. Results Twelve independent prognostic factors were identified and used to establish the nomogram. In particular, marital status was included in a survival prediction model of thyroid cancer for the first time. The concordance index, area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, calibration plotting, and decision curve analysis for the nomogram showed better performance compared to the AJCC staging system. Conclusions We have developed and validated a highly accurate thyroid cancer prognosis nomogram. The prognostic value of the nomogram is better than that of the AJCC staging system alone.

ABSTRACT. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) T241M polymorphism and lung cancer risk; however, the actual association is controversial. We examined whether the T241M polymorphism confers a lung cancer risk in China. We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to identify studies that examined the association between the XRCC3 T241M polymorphism and the risk of lung cancer. We estimated the pooled odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval to assess this association. A total of 3977 patients with lung cancer and 3761 controls from 8 comparative studies were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results revealed no significant association between the XRCC3 T241M polymorphism and lung cancer risk. In the subgroup analysis, 6 studies with sample sizes over 500 found that the T241M polymorphism had no association with lung cancer. The XRCC3 T241M polymorphism may not be a risk factor for lung cancer. However, larger studies involving a stratified case-control population and biological characterization are needed to validate this finding.

Background: It has limitations in predicting patient survival to use of the traditional American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system alone.Objectives: We aimed to establish and evaluate a comprehensive prognostic nomogram and compare its prognostic value with the AJCC staging system in adults diagnosed with ccRCC.Patients and Methods: We used the SEER database to identify 24477 cases of ccRCC between 2010 and 2015. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the development cohort, we used multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analyses to select significant variables, and used R software to establish a nomogram for predicting the 3-year and 5-year survival rates of ccRCC patients. In the development and validation cohorts, we compared our survival model with the AJCC prognosis model to evaluate the performance of the nomogram by calculating the concordance index (C-index), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and performing calibration plotting and decision curve analyses (DCAs). Results: Eleven identified independent prognostic factors were used to establish the nomogram. Age at diagnosis, being unmarried, higher grades, larger tumor size, higher AJCC stage, lymph node metastases, bone metastases, liver metastases, lung metastases, radiotherapy, and no surgery were risk factors for the survival of ccRCC. The C-index, AUC, NRI, IDI, and calibration plots demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram compared to the AJCC staging system. Moreover, the 3-year and 5-year DCA curves showed that the nomogram yielded net benefits that were greater than the traditional AJCC staging system.Conclusion: This study is the first to indicate that married status is an important prognostic parameter in ccRCC. Our results also demonstrate that the developed nomogram can predict survival more accurately than the AJCC staging system alone. The prognostic factors were easily obtained.