A electrochemical method for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-thiadiazoles through NH 4 I-mediated dimerization of thioamides is reported. Using the inexpensive NH 4 I as electrolyte and catalyst, this electrosynthesis approach requires no oxidizing agents and enables the convenient production of diverse 1,2,4-thiadiazoles products. The approach is an example of SÀN bond construction through the electrochemical method.

This study reports the environment‐friendly electrochemical transformation of structurally diverse phosphorus compounds and alcohol into phosphonates in the presence of ammonium iodide as electrolyte and redox catalyst in acetonitrile at ambient temperature. This method for P−O bond formation exhibits remarkable features, such as transition metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. A reliable mechanism is proposed after control and cyclic voltammetry experiments.magnified image

Pancreatic cancer is a polygenic disease and the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide; however, the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer remains poorly understood. Research at a molecular level, which includes the exploration of biomarkers for early diagnosis and specific targets for therapy, may effectively aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in its early stages and in the development of targeted molecular-biological approaches for treatment, thus improving prognosis. By conducting expression profiling in para-carcinoma, carcinoma and relapse of human pancreatic tissues, 319 genes or transcripts with differential expression levels >3-fold between these tissue types were identified. Further analysis with Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes demonstrated that the translation, nucleus assembly processes and molecular functions associated with vitamin B6 and pyridoxal phosphate binding in pancreatic carcinoma were abnormal. Pancreatic cancer was additionally identified to be closely associated with certain autoimmune diseases, including type I diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus.