To determine prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection in Henan, China, we conducted a study of 11,554 hospital patients. Prevalence was 0.70% (95% confidence interval 0.70% ± 0.15%), with all age groups infected. Most cases were found in the summer. Minor sequence polymorphisms were observed in the 18S rRNA gene of 35 isolates characterized.

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Net primary productivity (NPP), a metric used to define and identify changes in plant communities, is greatly affected by climate change, human activities and other factors. Here, we used the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model to estimate the NPP of plant communities in Hengduan Mountains area of China, and to explore the relationship between NPP and altitude in this region. We examined the mechanisms underlying vegetation growth responses to climate change and quantitatively assessed the effects of ecological protection measures by partitioning the contributions of climate change and human activities to NPP changes. The results demonstrated that: 1) the average total and annual NPP values over the years were 209.15 Tg C and 468.06 g C/(m 2 •yr), respectively. Their trend increasingly fluctuated, with spatial distribution strongly linked to altitude (i.e., lower and higher NPP in high altitude and low altitude areas, respectively) and 2400 m represented the marginal altitude for vegetation differentiation; 2) areas where climate was the main factor affecting NPP accounted for 18.2% of the total research area, whereas human activities were the primary factor influencing NPP in 81.8% of the total research area, which indicated that human activity was the main force driving changes in NPP. Areas where climatic factors (i.e., temperature and precipitation) were the main driving factors occupied 13.6% (temperature) and 6.0% (precipitation) of the total research area, respectively. Therefore, the effect of temperature on NPP changes was stronger than that of precipitation; and 3) the majority of NPP residuals from 2001 to 2014 were positive, with human activities playing an active role in determining regional vegetation growth, possibly due to the return of farmland back to forest and natural forest protection. However, this positive trend is decreasing. This clearly shows the periodical nature of ecological projects and a lack of long-term effectiveness.

The increasing demand for fossil fuels and the climate change caused by burning those fuels have become serious global problems. Worldwide, countries have begun to implement energy strategies that include the development of renewable energy sources (Chen, Hu, et al., 2015; Chen, Qiu, et al., 2015). As the only energy source that can be used directly to produce fuels for transportation, biofuels are favored among the renewable energy sources available (e.g., biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal energy). In particular, microalgae represent a promising feedstock for biofuel production (Chen, Hu, et al., 2015; Chen, Qiu, et al., 2015). Photosynthesis of higher plants and microalgae plays critical roles in important physiological processes, such as lipids, sugars, and proteins biosynthesis (Ouyang et al., 2020; Zheng, Xue, Chen, He, & Wang, 2020). Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms that are used as sources of carbohydrates, pigments, food supplements, fertilizers, and biofuels (Fierro, Sánchez-Saavedra, & Copalcúa, 2008; Hemaiswarya, Raja, Kumar, Ganesan, & Anbazhagan, 2011). Due to their widespread availability and higher oil yields than conventional terrestrial plants (Lv, Cheng, Xu, Zhang, & Chen, 2010), microalgae have been investigated as a feedstock for biodiesel production since the 1970s (Zhan, Rong, & Wang, 2017). Microalgae grow more rapidly than plants and can be grown in non-arable lands

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