Artificial bioactive materials have received increasing attention worldwide in clinical orthopedics to repair bone defects that are caused by trauma, infections or tumors, especially dedicated to the multifunctional composite effect of materials. In this study, a weakly alkaline, biomimetic and osteogenic, three-dimensional composite scaffold (3DS) with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and nano magnesium oxide (MgO) embedded in fiber (F) of silkworm cocoon and silk fibroin (SF) is evaluated comprehensively for its bone repair potential in vivo and in vitro experiments, particularly focusing on the combined effect between HAp and MgO. Magnesium ions (Mg2+) has long been proven to promote bone tissue regeneration, and HAp is provided with osteoconductive properties. Interestingly, the weak alkaline microenvironment from MgO may also be crucial to promote Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. This SF/F/HAp/nano MgO (SFFHM) 3DS with superior biocompatibility and biodegradability has better mechanical properties, BMSCs proliferation ability, osteogenic activity and differentiation potential compared with the scaffolds adding HAp or MgO alone or neither. Similarly, corresponding meaningful results are also demonstrated in a model of distal lateral femoral defect in SD rat. Therefore, we provide a promising 3D composite scaffold for promoting bone regeneration applications in bone tissue engineering.

With the increase in the number of internet users, the problems associated with excessive internet use have become increasingly obvious. Internet addiction can alter neurobiology, and its symptoms can be alleviated through exercise, but whether exercise exerts these effects through neurobiological pathways is unclear. Here, we reviewed the neurobiological mechanisms of exercise-based interventions against internet addiction by searching PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant research using such keywords as "exercise", "internet addiction", "hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis", "neurotrophin", and "dopamine". This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the neurobiological processes through which exercise can reduce internet addiction, and our analysis strengthens the idea that exercise-based interventions can be effective in this regard. The available evidence suggests that exercise can increase the levels of neurotrophic factors, cortisol, and neurotransmitters; improve the morphology of specific parts of the central nervous system, such as by stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis; protect the autonomic nervous system; and control the reward urge. In other words, exercise appears to mitigate internet addiction by regulating the neurobiology of the central and autonomic nervous systems. In this way, exercise-based interventions can be recommended for reducing internet addiction.

Background: Studies have shown that preventive psychological interventions can reduce the occurrence of sports injuries. Purpose: To systematically evaluate the published literature on the effects of psychological interventions on rates of sports injuries and propose a set of psychological interventions to reduce such injuries. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 11 randomized controlled trials and intervention control trials involving 1287 participants were included. A random-effects model was used to analyze the data. Pooled results were expressed as effect sizes and 95% CIs. Bias and heterogeneity among the studies were assessed, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: Meta-analysis suggested that preventive psychological interventions effectively prevented the occurrence of sports injuries (effect size = –0.55; P < .001), although the studies showed substantial heterogeneity ( I 2 = 94.2%; P < .001), which could not be attributed to specific variables. Nevertheless, sensitivity analysis suggested that overall results were reliable. No significant risk of publication bias was found. Conclusion: Preventive psychological interventions moderately reduced the risk of sports injuries. Risk screening also significantly reduced the risk of sports injuries. These interventions should focus on cognitive behavior and be administered in 1 to 6 sessions over 7 to 12 weeks for 60 minutes per session.