Urbanization adversely affects the ecological environment and reduces the quality of life in China. In view of the current situation, this study aims to determine the dynamics of the ecological security pattern of urban agglomerations using the Yangtze River urban agglomeration (YRUA) as a case study. We used the pressure–state–response (PSR) framework to establish an ecological security assessment system, combined with the technique for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method and gray correlation method, to estimate a comprehensive ecological security index, and we analyzed its evolution trends and driving mechanisms. The results indicated that the distribution of the regional ecological security level had a linked effect and that industrial pollutants posed the greatest threat to ecological security. Moreover, the main factors affecting the YRUA were urbanization, ecopathology, economic development, population pressure, land pressure, and water resource pressure. For the protection of ecological security, it is necessary to establish an ecological security governance mechanism. Moreover, the study stresses changing the traditional sewage discharge model and establishing an ecologically safe market system. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:573–583. © 2020 SETAC

Ecological security is vital to the survival of human beings and critical to the sustainable development of socioeconomic environment. In view of the deficiencies of the static assessment of ecological security, in this paper ,a dynamical evaluation on the ecological security of urban agglomerations is conducted by utilizing an index system developed from the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Response model. Further, an empirical study is carried out for the Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration to explore the ecological security alarms and change rules: Incorporating the statistical data from 2005 to 2017 into the investigation, the combined weight method is applied to calculate the weight of ecological safety over ecological security contribution, and the Moran's I index is implemented to analyze the changes in the spatial pattern. The results show that (1) The ecological security index of the Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration exhibits a smaller fluctuation primarily caused by the transformation of economic development mode, and the overall ecological security has been improved since 2005 from less safe to security level in general. (2) Spatial differences exist between North and South as well as between urban agglomerations, and the overall ecological security is improved due to ecological protection measures and industrial structure adjustment, and (3) The levels of early warning for these cities in the Yangtze River Urban Agglomeration differ, Varying between medium level and severe level. Furthermore, It is also found that human activities greatly impact the ecological security, and the intensity of land development is the greatest threat.

PurposeThe study focuses on drug safety regulation capture, reveals the inner mechanism and evolutionary characteristics of drug safety regulation capture and provides suggestions for effective regulation by pharmacovigilance.Design/methodology/approachThe article introduces prospect theory into the game strategy analysis of drug safety events, constructs a benefit perception matrix based on psychological perception and analyzes the risk selection strategies and constraints on stable outcomes for both drug companies and drug regulatory authorities. Moreover, simulation was used to analyze the choice of results of different parameters on the game strategy.FindingsThe results found that the system does not have a stable equilibrium strategy under the role of cognitive psychology. The risk transfer coefficient, penalty cost, risk loss, regulatory benefit, regulatory success probability and risk discount coefficient directly acted in the direction of system evolution toward the system stable strategy. There is a critical effect on the behavioral strategies of drug manufacturers and drug supervisors, which exceeds a certain intensity before the behavioral strategies in repeated games tend to stabilize.Originality/valueIn this article, the authors constructed the perceived benefit matrix through the prospect value function to analyze the behavioral evolution game strategies of drug companies and FDA in the regulatory process, and to evaluate the evolution law of each factor.

In order to understand the current situation of children’s dietary behavior and its influencing factors in Chongqing City, China, this study investigated the dietary behavior of children in Chongqing City by random sampling of 2200 parents of children in the main urban area of Chongqing City by questionnaires. Through SPSS statistical software analysis, it was found that children’s dietary behavior problems were prominent, 83.5% of children had food concentration problems, 57% of children had selective eating behavior. In addition, children’s dietary preferences are also uneven. It can be seen from this that families, kindergartens and all sectors of society work together to carry out the education of infants’ dietary behavior, so as to cultivate infants’ scientific and healthy dietary behavior.

In order to scientifically measure the management and law enforcement level of each section of the city and to build a comprehensive model of pavement management indicators, we use the key performance method and analytic hierarchy process to set up 11 first-level indexes and 43 second-level indexes. In this paper, through the development of urban pavement management evaluation program, to accurately measure the overall level of urban pavement management and regional distribution differences, to provide a theoretical basis for improving the level of urban pavement management and balanced regional development of the city.