BackgroundThe anti-inflammatory effect of an α7nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, has previously been explored in the context of inflammatory disease. However, the effects of PNU-282987 on type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s)-mediated allergic airway inflammation has not yet been established.AimsTo determine the effects of PNU-282987 on the function of ILC2s in the context of IL-33– or Alternaria Alternata (AA)– induced airway inflammation.MethodsPNU-282987 was administered to mice that received recombinant IL-33 or AA intranasal challenges. Lung histological analysis and flow cytometry were performed to determine airway inflammation and the infiltration and activation of ILC2s. The previously published α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 was employed as a comparable reagent. ILC2s were isolated from murine lung tissue and cultured in vitro in the presence of IL-33, IL-2, and IL-7 with/without either PNU-282987 or GTS-21. The expression of the transcription factors GATA3, IKK, and NF-κB were also determined.ResultsPNU-282987 and GTS-21 significantly reduced goblet cell hyperplasia in the airway, eosinophil infiltration, and ILC2s numbers in BALF, following IL-33 or AA challenge. In vitro IL-33 stimulation of isolated lung ILC2s showed a reduction of GATA3 and Ki67 in response to PNU-282987 or GTS-21 treatments. There was a significant reduction in IKK and NF-κB phosphorylation in the PNU-282987–treated group when compared to the GTS-21–treated ILC2s.ConclusionPNU-282987 inhibits ILC2-associated airway inflammation, where its effects were comparable to that of GTS-21.

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The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), manifesting itself as the spin-dependent shifts of left- and right-handed circularly polarized light beams, holds potential applications in nanophotonics and precision measurement. Thus, realizing effective enhancement and regulation of PSHE is highly desirable. It is known that by adjusting the Fermi energy of graphene, the spin shifts in a graphene-based optical structure can be actively modulated and amplified. However, this method generally works in a very narrow range of incident angles (near Brewster’s angle) and the incident state is limited to the horizontal polarization. In this Letter, we address these issues by theoretically proposing a feasible way to amplify and control the PSHE in a wide range of incident angles by modulating the Fermi energy when the light beam is reflected at a quasi-PT-symmetric structure (gain–loss medium embedded with monolayer graphene). Interestingly, we reveal that the electrically tunable PSHE can be achieved for both horizontal and vertical polarizations near the quasi-exceptional points (quasi-EPs). Moreover, we can directly determine the tiny variation of the Fermi energy by observing the field distribution of a single circularly polarized component in this structure without using the weak measurements.

The magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) manifests itself as the rotation of the polarization plane when a linearly polarized light is reflected at the interface of magnetic materials.The MOKE reveals the magnetization of the optical properties of magnetic materials and can be characterized by the dielectric tensor containing the magneto-optical constant.Thus,exploring the MOKE requires very precise determination of the magneto-optical constant.The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE),which corresponds to the lateral and in-plane spin-dependent splitting of the beam,can be used as an effective method to characterize the magneto-optical constant due to its advantage of being extremely sensitive to changes in the physical parameters of the material.Most of the previous studies only consider the case of a single thickness of magnetic material and a single MOKE and need to introduce complex weak measurement techniques to observe the photonic spin Hall effect.In this work,we theoretically investigate the in-plane spin angular shifts in three MOKE cases in bulk and ultrathin magnetic materials.We can effectively tune the in-plane angular displacement of different magnetic material thicknesses by changing the magnetic field direction corresponding to different MOKEs and changing the magneto-optical constants (including amplitude and phase).The research results show that in the case of bulk and ultrathin magnetic materials,the internal spin angular displacement under different MOKEs will show different trends when the magneto-optical constants change the amplitude and phase,especially in ultra-thin magnetic materials.In the lateral Kerr effect in thin materials,the photon in-plane angular displacement does not affect the change of the magneto-optical constant,but in other cases,the amplitude relative to the phase has a much larger effect on the photon in-plane angular displacement.In this regard,we propose a new method to directly determine the amplitude and phase of the magneto-optical constant using the huge in-plane spin angular displacement without considering the weak measurements and can judge different magneto-optical Kerr according to the variation of the in-plane angular displacement in the bulk and ultrathin magnetic materials.This method not only provides a new probe for measuring magneto-optical constants but also expands the study of spin photonics.