Background: This study aims to explore the effect of public hospital managers' risk and gain perception on their attitude towards physician dual practice (PDP). Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolling 1513 managers from public hospitals in the East, Middle and West of China was conducted. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to identify the determinants of managers' support for PDP. Results: The rate of managers' support for allowing PDP or implementing PDP with restriction, was 94.3% (95% CI: 0.93, 0.95). The mean score of managers' risk perception was 67.7 ± 14.46, and the mean score of managers' gain perception was 24.0 ± 5.56. After controlling for individual and institutional characteristics, the GLMM presented the score for risk perception increased 1 score and the rate of managers' support for PDP decreased by 5% (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.97); while the score for gain perception increased 1 score and the rate of managers' support increased by 18% (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.24). Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the majority of Chinese public hospital managers are in favor of allowing or implementing PDP with restrictions. Although gain perception is comparatively weaker than risk perception, a stronger influence in determining public hospital managers' support for PDP is demonstrated.

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Background: This study aims to explore public hospital managers’ perceptions of permitting Physician dual practice (PDP) with restrictions in China.Methods: A cross-sectional study among 1,513 public hospital managers in 31 provinces of mainland China was carried out from January to October, 2019. Presidents in charge of medical affairs, and directors of medical affairs departments in Chinese public hospitals were recruited for this study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine the factorial validity of perceptions of permitting physician dual practice with restrictions (institution-oriented restriction, IR; physician-oriented restriction, PR). Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to explore and analyze perceptions of permitting PDP with restrictions of public hospital managers with demographic and working-related characteristics.Results: Public hospital managers’ decision of prohibiting PDP, allowing PDP, and implementing PDP with restrictions was 5.7%, 8.9%, 85.4%, respectively. Mean scores of IR and PR were 16.49 ± 3.03 and 10.84 ± 2.55 respectively. General hospital managers (coefficient of -0.52; P <.01) showed less preference to IR; managers from public hospitals in the West (coefficient of 0.77; P <.01) and Middle of China (coefficient of 0.50; P <.05) favoured IR; managers with academic background of clinical medicine (coefficient of -0.37; P <.05) held lower PR intention. On the contrary, female managers (coefficient of 0.54; P <.01) and managers from public hospitals in non-provincial capital cities (coefficient of 0.35; P <.05) preferred PR.Conclusions: From the perspectives of the public hospital managers in China, permitting PDP with restrictions would be feasible compared to completely prohibiting or allowing PDP, which could be further enforced in terms of IR and PR. Moreover, public hospital managers hold a slightly more positive view about IR than PR.

Abstract.As economic development level improves continually, calling center gains rapid development and progress. As technology becomes mature and the industry improves continuously, calling center operates more smoothly. Performance management is a very important content and also the emphasis of performance management. But, there is certain gap between actual competition effect and expected performance objective, and it is very hard to pre-control the implementation process. This paper will analyze design optimization, identification method and performance control of calling center and proposes several effective suggestions on how to carry out performance management under the guidance of project management theory, in the hope of offering reference for performance management of calling center.

Background This study aims to explore the effect of public hospital managers' risk and gain perception on their attitude towards physician dual practice (PDP). Methods A cross-sectional study enrolling 1513 managers from East, Middle and West of China in public hospitals was conducted. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to find the determinants of managers' support for PDP. Results The rate of managers support for allowing PDP or implementing PDP with restriction was 94.3% (95%CI: 0.93, 0.95). The mean score of managers' risk perception was 67.7±14.46 and the mean score of managers' gain perception was 24.0±5.56. After controlling for individual and institutional characteristics, GLMM presented the score of risk perception increased 1 point, the rate of managers' support for PDP decreased 5% (OR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.97); the score of gain perception increased 1 points, the rate of managers' support increased 18% (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.24). Conclusions The majority of Chinese public hospital managers are in favor of allowing or implementing PDP with restrictions. While managers in public hospitals have stronger risk consciousness. Although gain perception is comparatively weaker than risk perception, but they are much influential in determining public hospital managers’ support for PDP.