Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcers, gastritis, and gastric cancers. This study investigated sex-specific differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated factors among individuals undergoing hospital-based health examinations in southern China. Methods: This study enrolled consecutive healthy individuals who underwent regular health examinations at a hospital physical examination center between September 2020 and September 2021. Anthropometric characteristics and biochemical profiles were measured. All individuals underwent carbon-13 urea breath tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the factors associated with H. pylori infection. Results: A total of 5035 individuals (men, 59.1%; women, 40.9%) were included in the analyses. The total rate of H. pylori infection was 35.0% (men, 35.5%; women, 34.3%). In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified for H. pylori infections were high fasting blood glucose levels and blood pressure ≥160 mmHg in men and older age, high body mass index, and low albumin levels in women. Conclusion: These findings suggest that physicians must be aware of the metabolic factors associated with H. pylori infections in the Chinese population. Early detection of these factors and timely intervention are expected to reduce H. pylori infections and provide a theoretical basis for the primary prevention of several gastrointestinal diseases.

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Background Patients with HIV have a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia than those without HIV infection, increasing their risk of substantial perioperative blood loss (PBL) during total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to evaluate PBL risk factors in HIV-infected patients undergoing THA. Methods Eighteen HIV+ patients (21 hip joints) and 33 HIV− patients (36 joints) undergoing THA were enrolled in this study. PBL was calculated using the Gross equation, which comprises total blood loss (TBL), dominant blood loss (DBL), and hidden blood loss (HBL). Risk factors for post-THA PBL in both patient populations was evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Results At baseline, the HIV+ patients were younger, more likely to be male and to have elevated hemoglobin and albumin levels, and lower erythrocyte sedimentation rates than HIV− patients. There were no differences in the T-lymphocyte subsets or coagulation function between the two groups. Age and albumin level were identified as potential HBL risk factors after THA, and albumin level was associated with higher TBL. The unadjusted linear regression analysis showed that the HBL and TBL were significantly higher in HIV+ patients than in HIV− patients. However, after adjusting for other factors, no differences in DBL, HBL, or TBL were observed between HIV− and HIV+ patients. Conclusion PBL was similar in both groups undergoing THA, regardless of their HIV-infection status. THA surgery is a safe and effective procedure in HIV+ patients.