Of all the non-human primate species studied by researchers, the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is likely the most widely used across biological disciplines. Rhesus macaques have thrived during the Anthropocene and now have the largest natural range of any non-human primate. They are highly social, exhibit marked genetic diversity, and display remarkable niche flexibility (which allows them to live in a range of habitats and survive on a variety of diets). These characteristics mean that rhesus macaques are well-suited for understanding the links between sociality, health and fitness, and also for investigating intra-specific variation, adaptation and other topics in evolutionary ecology.

Presented are the relationship between standard length (SL) and weight (W) for 12 fish species in Tibet, China, representing three families and six genera from the Lhasa River. All fish samples were collected by either electro-shocker (12 V, 200 Hz), fish cages (mouth opening: 40 × 40 cm 2 , 5 m), or drift gillnets (3 × 1.5 m; mesh-size: 3 cm to 8 cm) from different areas in the Lhasa River Basin, August and September 2015.Parameter b ranged from 2.88 to 3.29, and all correlation coefficient (r 2 ) values were higher than 0.95. Length-weight relationships (LWRs) for three of the species as well as one maximum length are first reports for FishBase.

Summary Length‐weight relationships (LWRs) of 14 species from 17 populations of salangids, which cover most species in the family Salangidae, were analyzed from 12 regions in China and Japan. A total of 952 specimens were used to estimate the relationship parameters. The allometric factor b values varied from 2.56 in Salanx cuvieri to 3.53 in Neosalanx oligodontis. Additionally, the condition factor a value was calculated setting b = 3 in the remaining six species. Nine maximum‐size records and 17 LWRs of salangids are established for the first time, which will fill in some of the empty spaces on rare neotenic species in the Fishbase.

In recent years, antibiotics have frequently been detected in soil, lakes, and rivers. Antibiotic residues in the environment may alter microbial structure and cause bacterial resistance, but their effect on interactions among host microbiota is still poorly understood. To investigate this issue, here we used silkworm (Bombyx mori) fed on antibiotic‐treated mulberry leaf as a model to explore the effects of antibiotic exposure on gut bacteria and fungi. We observed that elimination of fungi significantly reduced bacterial richness and diversity in silkworm intestine after exposure to the antifungal amphotericin B, while the elimination of bacteria dramatically increased the richness and diversity of fungi after exposure to the antibacterial ampicillin–streptomycin. Thus, antibiotic‐treated mulberry leaf significantly altered the community structure of microbiota in the gut of silkworm. Clearance of gut bacteria enhanced the correlation between gut fungi and leaf‐derived fungi, while clearance of gut fungi promoted abnormal proliferation of gut bacteria. These data provide a simple model to explore the comprehensive effect of diet‐derived bacteria, fungi, and antibiotics on gut microbiota.

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