The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the adoption of a number of policies that aim to reduce the spread of the disease by promoting housing stability. Housing precarity, which includes both the risk of eviction and utility disconnections or shut-offs, reduces a person's ability to abide by social distancing orders and comply with hygiene recommendations. Our analysis quantifies the impact of these various economic policies on COVID-19 infection and death rates using panel regression techniques to control for a variety of potential confounders. We find that policies that limit evictions are found to reduce COVID-19 infections by 3.8% and reduce deaths by 11%. Moratoria on utility disconnections reduce COVID-19 infections by 4.4% and mortality rates by 7.4%. Had such policies been in place across all counties (i.e., adopted as federal policy) from early March 2020 through the end of November 2020, our estimated counterfactuals show that policies that limit evictions could have reduced COVID-19 infections by 14.2% and deaths by 40.7%. For moratoria on utility disconnections, COVID-19 infections rates could have been reduced by 8.7% and deaths by 14.8%. Housing precarity policies that prevent eviction and utility disconnections have been effective mechanisms for decreasing both COVID-19 infections and deaths.

No abstract

We developed a novel method for Cu(2+) detection based on the ion promoted oxidation reaction. Chemodosimeter L (weak fluorescence) can be oxidized into 3-benzothiazoly-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarin (strong green fluorescence, coumarin 6) by Cu(2+) with high selectivity and sensitivity in HEPES (10 mM, pH = 7.4) buffer containing 50% (v/v) water-CH(3)CN solution.

In this manuscript, a novel probe RHBI based on the rhodamine-benzimidazole conjugate was designed and synthesized. RHBI showed an extreme selectivity for Fe(3+) over other metal ions such as Pb(2+), Ni(2+), Co(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Hg(2+), Cd(2+), Ag(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Ba(2+), Na(+) and K(+) in acetonitrile. Upon the addition of 10 equiv. of Fe(3+), a 1098-fold fluorescence intensity enhancement was observed at the maximum emission wavelength of 582 nm. Both the Job's plot and ESI-MS showed that RHBI coordinated with Fe(3+) in a 1:1 stoichomitry and the calculated binding constant was 1.01 × 10(4) M(-1). The competition experiment for Fe(3+) ions mixed with other metal ions exhibited no obvious change except Cu(2+) that could induce a mild fluorescence quenching. Moreover, the fluorescence emission increased linearly with the Fe(3+) concentration in the range of 6 × 10(-6)-4 × 10(-5) M and the detection limit was 1.5 × 10(-8) M.

A macroporous silica-based 1,3-[(2,4-diethylheptylethoxy)oxy]-2,4-crown-6-calix [4]arene (Calix[4]arene-R14) supramolecular recognition polymeric composite, (Calix[4] + MODB)/SiO 2 -P, was synthesized. The synthesis was performed by impregnation and immobilization of Calix[4]arene-R14 and methyloctyl-2-dimethylbutanemide (MODB) molecules in the pores of a macroporous SiO 2 -P polymeric particle support with a mean diameter of 50 µm. MODB was used to modify the Calix[4]arene-R14 through intermolecular interaction force. The static-state adsorption of some typical alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals such as Na(I), K(I), Cs(I), Rb(I), Sr(II), and Ba(II) onto (Calix[4] + MODB)/SiO 2 -P was investigated. The effects of contact time, HNO 3 concentration in the range of 0.3-7.0 M, and temperature on the adsorption were examined.(Calix[4] + MODB)/SiO 2 -P exhibited strong adsorption ability and excellent selectivity for Cs(I) over all tested elements, which showed weak or almost no adsorption except for Rb(I). The adsorption onto (Calix[4] + MODB)/SiO 2 -P of the tested metals in HNO 3 medium was exothermic. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorptions of Cs(I) and Rb(I) were determined. It was found that, in 3.0 M HNO 3 , application of the (Calix[4] + MODB)/SiO 2 -P polymeric composite in the partitioning of Cs(I), one of the heat generators, from highly active liquid waste in the SPEC (strontium/cesium partitioning from HLW by extraction chromatography) process is promising.