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The biomass production (BP), the leaf age (LA), and the plant height (PH) as well as the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these traits were determined for F 2:3 population derived from the cross of two contrasting maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes: 082 and Ye107. By using composite interval mapping, a total of 12 and 12 distinct QTLs were identified at Kaixian and Southwest University under deficient phosphorus. Another 9 and 8 distinct QTLs were identified at two sites under normal phosphorus, respectively. Seven coincident QTLs for two traits (BP and LA) were detected in the interval bnlg1832-P2M8/j (bin 1.05) on Chromosome 1, and four consistent QTLs for one trait (PH) were coincident in the interval umc1102-P1M7/d (bin 3.05) on Chromosome 3. These coincident QTLs in two important genomic regions were identified under different phosphorus levels and two different environments. Therefore, the above two segments one (bnlg1832-P2M8/j) identified in Chromosome 1 and the other (umc1102-P1M7/d) identified in Chromosome 3 may be used in future for marker-assisted selection and high-resolution mapping leading to map-based cloning of QTLs for agronomically important traits under phosphorus deficiency.

The effects of temperature, light, oxidant, soluble sugar, food additive (i.e. citric acid, benzoic acid, and ascorbic acid) and metal ions of K + , Ca 2+ , Cu 2+ , Al 3+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Sn 2+ , Mg 2+ on the stability of anthocyanin extracted from the kernels of novel inbred line super dark maize (SDM) with the strategy of HCl-carbinol were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the extracted anthocyanin was steady in acid conditions (pH≤ 3) and stable to heat and light; it had good anti-oxidation and maintained sensitive to reducing agents and insensitive to soluble sugar. Citric acid had positive effect on the stability of anthocyanin while benzoic acid and ascorbic acid negative; metal ions (1 mMol•L-1) of K + 、Ca 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Al 3+ 、Mn 2+ exhibited no obvious effect on the anthocyanin while ions of Fe 3+ 、Sn 2+ 、Mg 2+ obvious.

Anthocyanin and melanin are important and beneficial chemical components in black maize kernel. It is important to comprehensively study the QTL mapping for anthocyanin and melanin, cloning and transfer of pigmentation-related genes and marker assistant breeding. In this study, two related F 2:3 populations derived from crosses of Mu6×SDM (WD) and Mo17×SDM (YD) were used to identify QTLs for anthocyanin and melanin contents in maize kernels. The results showed that the phenotype and QTL identification of two populations were highly consistent. The anthocynian and melanin contents of SDM were significantly higher than those of Mu 6 and Mo17. The positive correlation between the two pigment contents in kernel was highly significant. A total of seventeen QTLs were identified, including eight QTLs for ACK and nine QTLs for MCK. For ACK, four QTLs were both detected in two populations, which were distributed on chromosomes 4, 6, 7, and 10. For MCK, four and five QTLs were identified in WD and YD populations, respectively, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7, and 10. The number, distribution and effects of QTLs in two populations were highly consistent, and the major QTLs of ACK and MCK in two populations were both clustered, which were detected in the intervals of umc1796-mmc2006 (bin 6.04) and umc2043-bnlg1028 (bins

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