Species known from China in the praying mantis subfamily Hierodulinae are revised. A new species, Titanodula menglaensis sp. nov. is described. Hierodula tenuidentata Saussure, 1869 and Dracomantis mirofraternus Shcherbakov & Vermeersch, 2020 are newly recorded from China. Two new synonyms are proposed: Titanodula formosana (Giglio-Tos, 1912) = Titanodula fruhstorferi (Werner, 1916), syn. nov. and Hierodula macrodentata Wang, Zhou & Zhang, 2020 = Hierodula latipennis Brunner de Wattenwyl, 1893. Ootheca and male genitalia of the Chinese species are described and photographed. An identification key to genera and species of Hierodulinae from China is also provided. The current Chinese checklist contains 21 species.

Praying mantises are distributed all over the world. Though some Mantodea mitogenomes have been reported, an evolutionary genomic and phylogenetic analysis study lacks the latest taxonomic system. In the present study, four new mitogenomes were sequenced and annotated. Deroplatys truncate, D. lobate, Amorphoscelis chinensis and Macromantis sp. belong to Deroplatyidae, Amorphoscelidae and Photinaidae family, respectively. Our results indicated that the ATP8 gene may be lost in D. truncate and D. lobata mt genome, and four tRNA genes have not been found in D. truncate, D. lobata and Macromantis sp. A dN/dS pair analysis was conducted and it was found that all genes have evolved under purifying selection. Furthermore, we tested the phylogenetic relationships between the eight families of the Mantodea, including 35 species of praying Mantis. Based on the complete mitochondrial genome data, it was also suggested as sister to Deroplatyidae + Mantidae, Metallyticus sp., the only representative of Metallyticidae, is sister to the remaining mantises. Our results support the taxonomic system of Schwarz and Roy and are consistent with previous studies.

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the praying mantises Asiadodis yunnanensis was characterized in this study. The circular molecule is 15,416 bp in length (GenBank accession no. MN037794), containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The nucleotide composition is asymmetric (39.5% A, 15.1% C, 9.6% G, 35.8% T), with an overall A þ T content of 75.3%. The gene arrangement of A. yunnanensis is identical to that observed in other praying mantises. Seven PCGs are initiated with typical ATN start codons, Four genes (cox1, nad3, nad4L, and nad6) begin with TTN, nad1 begin with GTT, and nad5 use CTT, as initiation codon. Twelve PCGs stop with complete termination codon TAA and TAG, whereas nad5 uses incomplete termination codon (T--). Twenty reading frame overlaps and seven intergenic regions are found in the mitogenome of A. yunnanensis. The phylogenetic relationships based on 13 PCGs show that A. yunnanensis clusters closest to the species of Mantidae. ARTICLE HISTORY