Correlations and non-linear regression analyses were used to determine the optimal rate of fertilization that would maximize production of grain while minimizing effects on the environment in Jiangsu Province, China. Correlation coefficients between the amounts of cereal grain produced and rates of fertilization were 0.880, 0.606, and 0.212 for the periods 1970-1983, 1984-1997, 1998-2011, respectively. Current amounts of chemical fertilization used are causing adverse effects on the environment. By use of simulation analyses, it was determined that 550 - 600 kilogram of fertilizers (a mix of N, P2O5, K2O) per hectare is the upper limit amount of fertilization that balances production and potential for eutrophication in Jiangsu. Amounts of fertilizer applied are greater in the North of Jiangsu Province with three-fold more fertilizers applied than in the south. Factors such as proportion of farmers in the regional population, incomes of farmers, multiple cropping index, proportion of land irrigated, proportion of land in agricultural production all influence the amount of fertilizers applied in this region.

Here is presented the concepts of Fertilization Ecological Hazard Index (FEHI) and Fertilization Ecological Safety Threshold (FEST). These concepts have been used to develop models that assess the hazards posed by fertilization with inorganic fertilizers on ecological environments in China. Based on these models, there were 11 regions, most of which are located in Western China, slightly at risk from over-fertilization, while 14 regions located in central or eastern China were at a moderate hazard from overuse of fertilizers. Six regions in western China were found at ecological safety of environment because of small amounts of fertilizers used in these regions. Ecological safety of environment decreased along the gradient from northwest to southeast by fertilization. There were several factors that influence FEHI. It is obligatory for local governments to offer training to guide reasonable uses of fertilization. It would be prudent for China to establish laws to protect soils, especially to regulate the use of fertilizers in agriculture.

Surfactant LAS and nanomaterial taxoite were used to study their effects on anthracene desorption from artificially contaminated soil. The results show that the desoption of anthracene from soil is affected by the type and concentration of materials. Two type of materials with low concentration dont improve anthracene desorption from soil. While, they could enhance the desorption process with the concentrations increasing, especially surfactant LAS. The desorption and solubility ratios of anthracene from soil are 18.55% and 17.11% with the concentrations of surfactant LAS being0.2g/g. However, their ratios are only 3.91% and 2.21% with nanomaterial taxoite.