Potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), using carbon materials as the anode, are regarded as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries owing to the feasible formation of stage‐1 potassium intercalation compounds (KC8). However, due to the large radius of the potassium ion, graphite‐based electrodes still suffer poor rate capability and insufficient cycling life. In this work, a hierarchically nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (NPC) is reported for the first time. The NPC electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 384.2 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and an outstanding rate capability of 185 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1, which surpasses most of the reported carbonaceous electrodes in PIBs. The excellent performance can be ascribed to the surface‐driven behavior dominated K‐storage mechanism, which is verified by quantitative kinetics analysis. Theoretical simulation results further illuminate the enhanced K affinity in N‐doped active sites, which accounts for the superior rate performance of the NPC electrode. In addition, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurements further quantify the diffusion coefficient of K ions. Considering the superior electrochemical performance of the electrode and comprehensive investigation of the K storage mechanism, this work can provide fundamental references for the subsequent research of potassium‐ion batteries.
The emergence of cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has generated enormous interest in the photovoltaic research community. However, in general they exhibit low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) because of the existence of defects. A new all‐inorganic perovskite material, CsPbI3:Br:InI3, is prepared by defect engineering of CsPbI3. This new perovskite retains the same bandgap as CsPbI3, while the intrinsic defect concentration is largely suppressed. Moreover, it can be prepared in an extremely high humidity atmosphere and thus a glovebox is not required. By completely eliminating the labile and expensive components in traditional PSCs, the all‐inorganic PSCs based on CsPbI3:Br:InI3 and carbon electrode exhibit PCE and open‐circuit voltage as high as 12.04% and 1.20 V, respectively. More importantly, they demonstrate excellent stability in air for more than two months, while those based on CsPbI3 can survive only a few days in air. The progress reported represents a major leap for all‐inorganic PSCs and paves the way for their further exploration in order to achieve higher performance.
All-solid-state sodium batteries (ASSSBs) are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage. However, there are no commercialized ASSSBs yet, in part due to the lack of a low-cost, simple-to-fabricate solid electrolyte (SE) with electrochemical stability towards Na metal. In this work, we report a family of oxysulfide glass SEs (Na3PS4−xOx, where 0 < x ≤ 0.60) that not only exhibit the highest critical current density among all Na-ion conducting sulfide-based SEs, but also enable high-performance ambient-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. By forming bridging oxygen units, the Na3PS4−xOx SEs undergo pressure-induced sintering at room temperature, resulting in a fully homogeneous glass structure with robust mechanical properties. Furthermore, the self-passivating solid electrolyte interphase at the Na|SE interface is critical for interface stabilization and reversible Na plating and stripping. The new structural and compositional design strategies presented here provide a new paradigm in the development of safe, low-cost, energy-dense, and long-lifetime ASSSBs.
The
electrode–electrolyte interface stability is a critical
factor influencing cycle performance of All-solid-state lithium batteries
(ASSLBs). Here, we propose a LiF- and Li3N-enriched artificial
solid state electrolyte interphase (SEI) protective layer on metallic
lithium (Li). The SEI layer can stabilize metallic Li anode and improve
the interface compatibility at the Li anode side in ASSLBs. We also
developed a Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3–poly(ethylene oxide) (LAGP-PEO) concrete
structured composite solid electrolyte. The symmetric Li/LAGP-PEO/Li
cells with SEI-protected Li anodes have been stably cycled with small
polarization at a current density of 0.05 mA cm–2 at 50 °C for nearly 400 h. ASSLB-based on SEI-protected Li
anode, LAGP-PEO electrolyte, and LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode
exhibits excellent cyclic stability with an initial discharge capacity
of 147.2 mA h g–1 and a retention of 96% after 200
cycles.
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