Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the pathogenesis of LN is not fully understood. The currently available treatments do not cure the disease and appear to have a variety of side effects in the long term. The purpose of this study was to search for key molecules involved in the immune response during the development of LN through bioinformatics techniques to provide a reference for LN-specific targeted therapy. The GSE112943 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and 20 of the samples were selected for analysis. In, total 2330 differentially expressed genes were screened. These differentially expressed genes were intersected with a list of immune genes obtained from the IMMPORT immune database to obtain a total of 128 differentially expressed immune-related genes. Enrichment analysis showed that most of these genes were enriched in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the overall expression information of the sample was also significantly enriched in the interferon signaling pathway. Further analysis of the core gene cluster showed that nine genes, GBP2, VCAM1, ADAR, IFITM1, BST2, MX2, IRF5, OAS1 and TRIM22, were involved in the interferon signaling pathway. According to our analysis, the guanylate binding protein 2 (GBP2), interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) genes are involved in three interferon signaling pathways. At present, we do not know whether GBP2 is associated with LN. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between GBP2 and LN pathogenesis. We speculate that GBP2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of LN as a member of the interferon signaling pathway. Further immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of GBP2 was increased in the renal tissues of LN patients compared with the control group, confirming this conjecture. In conclusion, according to our study, GBP2 is a member of the interferon signaling pathway that may have implications for the pathogenesis of LN and serves as a potential biomarker for LN.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and serious clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the pathogenesis of LN is not fully understood. The currently available treatments do not cure the disease and appear to have a variety of side effects in the long term. The purpose of this study was to search for key molecules involved in the LN immune response through bioinformatics techniques to provide a reference for LN-specific targeted therapy. The GSE112943 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and 20 of the samples were selected for analysis. In total, 2330 differentially expressed genes were screened. These genes were intersected with a list of immune genes obtained from the IMMPORT immune database to obtain 128 differentially expressed immune-related genes. Enrichment analysis showed that most of these genes were enriched in the interferon signalling pathway. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the sample was significantly enriched for expression of the interferon signalling pathway. Further analysis of the core gene cluster showed that nine genes, GBP2, VCAM1, ADAR, IFITM1, BST2, MX2, IRF5, OAS1 and TRIM22, were involved in the interferon signalling pathway. According to our analysis, the guanylate binding protein 2 (GBP2), interferon regulatory factor 5 and 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) genes are involved in three interferon signalling pathways. At present, we do not know whether GBP2 is associated with LN. Therefore, this study focused on the relationship between GBP2 and LN pathogenesis. We speculate that GBP2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of LN as a member of the interferon signalling pathway. Further immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of GBP2 was increased in the renal tissues of LN patients compared with the control group, confirming this conjecture. In conclusion, GBP2 is a member of the interferon signalling pathway that may have implications for the pathogenesis of LN and serves as a potential biomarker for LN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-022-00520-5.