Supercapacitor with high power density (≈5 KW kg−1) is applied as power type energy storage device for high power load equipment. However, special super‐high‐power equipment cries for super‐high‐power supercapacitor (>20 KW kg−1), which is mainly ascribed to the high conductivity for electron‐transferring and the excellent structural stability for ion‐transporting of electrode materials. Here, a continuous skeleton carbon (CSC) is built by introducing the gel network‐structured Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) into the naturally rich biomass apocynum precursor. Benefiting from the high conductivity (5.79 × 103 S m−1) of CSC continuous skeleton, along with its high specific surface area (1461 m2 g−1) and hierarchically pore distribution, this skeleton‐structured CSC‐based symmetric supercapacitor can provide super‐high power density of 50 KW kg−1 at an energy density of 3.76 Wh kg−1 and keep ultra‐long life of 99.33%‐remaining after 10000 cycles in an aqueous electrolyte or provide higher energy density of 36 Wh kg−1 at an power density of 1.35 KW kg−1 in organic electrolyte. Evidently, this work may provide a continuous construction strategy of skeleton carbon at the complex multidimensional scale toward super‐high‐power supercapacitor and a hopeful solution to solve the extreme environment performance of special super‐high‐power equipment.
Conductive biomass carbon possesses unique properties of excellent conductivity and outstanding thermal stability, which can be widely used as conductive additive. However, building the high‐dense conductive biomass carbon with highly graphitized microcrystals at a lower carbonization temperature is still a major challenge because of structural disorder and low crystallinity of source material. Herein, a simple capillary evaporation method to efficiently build the high‐dense conductive ramie carbon (hd‐CRC) with the higher tap density of 0.47 cm3 g−1 than commercialized Super‐C45 (0.16 cm3 g−1) is reported. Such highly graphitized microcrystals of hd‐CRC can achieve the high electrical conductivity of 94.55 S cm−1 at the yield strength of 92.04 MPa , which is higher than commercialized Super‐C45 (83.92 S cm−1 at 92.04 MPa). As a demonstration, hd‐CRC based symmetrical supercapacitors possess a highly volumetric energy density of 9.01 Wh L−1 at 25.87 kW L−1, much more than those of commercialized Super‐C45 (5.06 Wh L−1 and 19.30 kW L−1). Remarkably, the flexible package supercapacitor remarkably presents a low leakage current of 10.27 mA and low equivalent series resistance of 3.93 mΩ. Evidently, this work is a meaningful step toward high‐dense conductive biomass carbon from traditional biomass graphite carbon, greatly promoting the highly‐volumetric–performance supercapacitors.
Lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LICs) possess the fascinating characteristics of both high power density and high energy density simultaneously. However, to design highly compatible cathode materials with a high capacity and anode materials with a high rate performance is still a major challenge because of the mismatch of dynamic mechanisms, greatly limiting the development of LICs. Herein, we report an N−doped porous carbon (N−PC) with a continuously interconnected network as the cathode, matching the dynamic mechanism of the uniquely pseudocapacitive T−Nb2O5 anode without diffusion-controlled behavior. This heteroatom-grafting strategy of the cathode can effectively control the dynamic process to adjust the ion transport efficiency, shortening the gap of kinetics and capacity with the anode. For the energy storage application, the as-prepared N−PC cathode demonstrates an appreciable capacity of 62.06 mAh g−1 under a high voltage window of 3 V to 4.2 V, which can exceed the capacity of 25.57 mAh g−1 for porous carbon without heteroatom doping at the current density of 0.1 A g−1. Furthermore, the as-developed lithium-ion capacitor possesses an outstanding electrochemical performance (80.57 Wh kg−1 at 135 W kg−1 and 36.77 Wh kg−1 at 2.7 kW kg−1). This work can provide a new avenue to design cathode materials with a highly appreciable capacity and highly compatible kinetic mechanism, further developing high-performance lithium-ion capacitors.
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