The propose of this review was to summarize the advances in multi-scale surface technology of titanium implants to accelerate the osseointegration process. The several multi-scaled methods used for improving wettability, roughness, and bioactivity of implant surfaces are reviewed. In addition, macro-scale methods (e.g., 3D printing (3DP) and laser surface texturing (LST)), micro-scale (e.g., grit-blasting, acid-etching, and Sand-blasted, Large-grit, and Acid-etching (SLA)) and nano-scale methods (e.g., plasma-spraying and anodization) are also discussed, and these surfaces are known to have favorable properties in clinical applications. Functionalized coatings with organic and non-organic loadings suggest good prospects for the future of modern biotechnology. Nevertheless, because of high cost and low clinical validation, these partial coatings have not been commercially available so far. A large number of in vitro and in vivo investigations are necessary in order to obtain in-depth exploration about the efficiency of functional implant surfaces. The prospective titanium implants should possess the optimum chemistry, bionic characteristics, and standardized modern topographies to achieve rapid osseointegration.

Thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) involve in our daily life with various origins from food, cosmetics, drugs, etc. It is believed that decreasing the size of materials up to nanometer levels can facilitate their unfavorable absorption since they can pass the natural barriers of live tissues and organs even, they can go across the relatively impermeable membranes. The interaction of these NPs with the biological environment disturbs the natural functions of cells and its components and cause health issues. In the lack of the detailed and comprehensive standard protocols about the toxicity of NPs materials, their control, and effects, this review study focuses on the current research literature about the related factors in toxicity of NPs such as size, concentration, etc. with an emphasis on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The goal of the study is to highlight their potential hazard and the advancement of green non-cytotoxic nanomaterials with safe threshold dose levels to resolve the toxicity issues. This study supports the NPs design along with minimizing the adverse effects of nanoparticles especially those used in biological treatments.

In recent years, significant advances in the field of medical materials have begun to emerge, especially in nanotechnology. The modern area of nanostructured implants possesses wide applications in various medical implants including their dental use. Nano-surface functions present substantial resolutions to medical obstacles through improved biomaterial proficiency, innovative dental-implant designs, and surface design procedures, such as nanoscale adhesive surfaces, bio-chemical anodization, and surface modification technique. This work covers dental implant history, nanotechnological advances, and its development that includes a description, basic properties, and the related results of composites and surface morphology, and the different types of nanomaterials used in dental implants. Significant attempts have been made over the last few decades to strengthen osteointegration and prevent bacterial attachment to the implant surfaces. The micro and nano-topography of the hierarchical surface orchestrate the biological reactions of implants and may solve the problems associated with implant-tissue issues. This research investigates the implant articles from 1964 to 2021, which offers a brief description of the nanostructured biomaterials to enhance dental implants’ performance and may open new frontiers in the advancement of implant technology.

Gluconobacter oxydans is characterized by its ability to incompletely oxidize carbohydrates and alcohols. The high yields of its oxidation products and complete secretion into the medium make it important for industrial use. We report the finished genome sequence of Gluconobacter oxydans H24, an industrial strain with high l-sorbose productivity.

Titanium and its alloys are among the widely used materials in the biomedical field, but they have poor wear resistance and antibacterial properties