Despite achieving remarkable development, China’s agricultural economy has been under severe environmental pressure. Based on previous studies, the present study further considers the sources of agricultural carbon emissions in depth, estimates China’s agricultural carbon emissions from 1997 to 2016, and analyzes the agricultural pollution faced by China and its provinces. The study estimates the amount and intensity of agricultural carbon emissions in China from five carbon sources—agricultural materials, rice planting, soil N2O, livestock and poultry farming, and straw burning—and analyzes their spatial and temporal characteristics. The following results were obtained: (1) between 1997 and 2016, the amount of agricultural carbon emissions in China generally increased, while the intensity of agricultural carbon emissions decreased; (2) in the same period, the amount of carbon emissions from each category of carbon source generally increased, with the exception of rice planting; however, the amount of emissions fluctuated; (3) the amount and intensity of carbon emissions varied greatly among provinces; (4) the emissions from different categories of carbon source showed different concentration trends and agglomeration forms; (5) China’s agricultural carbon emissions showed obvious spatial correlation, which overall was high–high agglomeration; however, its carbon emissions gradually weakened, and the spatial agglomeration of agricultural carbon emissions in each province changed between 1997 and 2016.

No abstract

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of sulfonamides via the electrochemical oxidative amination of sodium sulfinates has been developed. The chemistry proceeds in a simple undivided cell employing a substoichiometric amount of NH4I that serves both as a redox catalyst and a supporting electrolyte; in this manner additional conducting salt is not required. A wide range of substrates, including aliphatic or aromatic secondary and primary amines, as well as aqueous ammonia, proved to be compatible with the protocol. Scale-up was possible, thereby demonstrating the practicality of the approach. The electrolytic process avoids the utilization of external oxidants or corrosive molecular iodine and therefore represents an environmentally benign means by which to achieve the transformation.

No abstract