Study of plant metabolome is a growing field of science that catalogs vast biochemical and functional diversity of phytochemicals. However, collecting and storing samples of plant metabolome, sharing these samples across the scientific community and making them compatible with bioactivity assays presents significant challenges to the advancement of metabolome research. We have developed a RApid Metabolome Extraction and Storage (RAMES) technology that allows efficient, highly compact, field-deployable collection and storage of libraries of plant metabolome. RAMES technology combines rapid extraction with immobilization of extracts on glass microfiber filter discs. Two grams of plant tissue extracted in ethanol, using a specially adapted Dremel® rotary tool, produces 25–35 replicas of 10 mm glass fiber discs impregnated with phytochemicals. These discs can be either eluted with solvents (such as 70% ethanol) to study the metabolomic profiles or used directly in a variety of functional assays. We have developed simple, non-sterile, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant assays formatted for 24-multiwell plates directly compatible with RAMES discs placed inside the wells. Using these methods we confirmed activity in 30 out of 32 randomly selected anti-microbial medicinal plants and spices. Seven species scored the highest activity (total kill) in the anti-bacterial (bacteria from human saliva) and two anti-fungal screens (Fusarium spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), providing functional validation of RAMES technology. RAMES libraries showed limited degradation of compounds after 12 months of storage at -20°C, while others remained stable. Fifty-eight percent of structures characterized in the extracts loaded onto RAMES discs could be eluted from the discs without significant losses. Miniaturized RAMES technology, as described and validated in this manuscript offers a labor, cost, and time-effective alternative to conventional collection of phytochemicals. RAMES technology enables creation of comprehensive metabolomic libraries from various ecosystems and geographical regions in a format compatible with further biochemical and functional studies.

Composite coatings containing Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 nanoparticles were prepared by the composite electrodeposition technique under ultrasonic stirring and electromagnetic stirring. The microstructure of the nanocomposite coatings was observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the microhardness of the nanocomposite coatings was tested. Electrochemical polarization curves and AC impedance spectra of the nanocomposite coatings were tested in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution to study the corrosion resistance. The experimental results showed that the composite coatings prepared under ultrasonic stirring were compact, fine grain, and had no cracks. Compared to Ni-W alloy coating, the addition of nanoparticles Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 significantly improved the microhardness and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings.

In most oil and gas fields, CO 2 corrosion has become a significant problem plaguing the development of the oil industry. The usage of Acetic acid (HAc) as a common material in oil extraction increases the complexity of CO 2 corrosion process. Among the many factors affecting the oil casing corrosion, the flow rate plays a decisive role. Therefore, in this work Wuhan Koster CS310 Electrochemical Station was used to measure the dynamic potential polarization curves and perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at different concentrations of HAc and flow rates. Subsequently, the polarization curves were fitted to obtain the polarization characteristics, and corresponding equivalent circuits were chosen to fit the experimental EIS data. In the end, the corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of N80 steel were discussed based on corrosion electrochemical theory. It is concluded that the presence of HAc increases the self-corrosion potential E corr and self-corrosion current density I corr of N80 steel in saturated CO 2 solution, promotes the anodic and cathodic reaction speed, and reduces the thickness and the protective effect of the corrosion product film. Furthermore, it is observed that the flow rate increases the corrosion current density of N80 steel, increases the electric double layer capacitance CPE, reduces the charge transfer resistance R t , and eventually accelerates the corrosion rate of steel.

To repair or improve the performance of H13 hot working molds through the additive manufacturing process, IN 718 was coated on H13 die steel by high-speed laser cladding followed by an ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP). The mechanism of ultrasonic surface rolling on the mechanical properties of the coating was studied. After USRP, the coating exhibited severe plastic deformation; the microscopic organization of the surface layer was refined and the particle size was significantly reduced. The violent plastic deformation of the coating caused by USRP improved the dislocation density and the grain boundary density, providing an improved yield strength of the coating and improving the high-temperature wear resistance of the coating. After USRP, the surface hardness of the coating increased by 30%. Compared with the coating without USRP, the wear resistance of the coating greatly improved; the wear rate was reduced by 51% and the wear mechanism of the coating changed from large-area adhesive wear and severe abrasive wear to small-area adhesive wear and slight abrasive wear. The IN 718 coating after USRP had a higher hardness and greater wear resistance, significantly improving the service life of H13 steel.

No abstract