Two lipid-solid dispersion loading Norcantharidin sustained-released microspheres of alginate-chitosan (NCTD/LSD-ACMs) were prepared via the emulsification-gelation method. The effects of microspheres for transarterial hepatic chemoembolization were evaluated in VX2 rabbit liver cancer model. The VX2 animal model was established by biopsy needle, divided randomly into four groups, and disposed with three preparations including NCTD/LSD-ACMs (60-120 μm), NCTD/LSD-ACMs(120-200 μm), and NCTD solution through the hepatic arteries compared with the untreated group (control group). The serum of all rabbits before and at 3, 7, and 14 days after embolization was collected to determine the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The AST level increased in the three treated groups on the first day compared with the control group (p < 0.05), and was higher in the two embolization groups (with no significant difference, p >0.05) than that in the NCTD group (p < 0.05). The tumor growth rates, which were significantly decreased in the two embolization groups compared with that in the control group, and the degree of liver cell necrosis assessed by the histopathological specimens, were used to evaluate the embolization effect. Liquefactive necrosis and coagulative necrosis were observed in the two embolization groups. The results showed that NCTD/LSD-ACMs are a potential candidate for embolization of liver cancer.
Background: Abnormal microangiogenesis and microenvironmental disturbances within the Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) can exacerbate tumor hypoxia, which may increase radiotherapy resistance and thus lead to poor prognosis in NPC patients. A non-invasive imaging technique, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), which can reflect the tumor blood perfusion and angiogenesis status, was used to investigate the relationships of DCE-MRI parameters with hypoxiainducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and tumor grades in NPC patients.Methods: 42 treatment-naive patients with pathologically confirmed NPC were enrolled in this analysis.Plain magnetic resonance scans and DCE-MRI scans were performed before treatment, and postprocessing was performed to calculate the relative enhancement (RE), maximum relative enhancement (MRE), maximum enhancement (ME), wash-in rate (WIR), wash-out rate (WOR), time to peak (TTP), and area under the curve (AUC). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HIF-1α expression in electronasopharyngeal fiberoscopic specimens. The clinical grade/stage of NPC was jointly assessed by an experienced radiologist and a radiotherapist. The potential correlations of the DCE-MRI parameters with HIF-1α expression and clinical grades were analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package.Results: Among DCE-MRI parameters, RE, ME, and MRE were associated with the positive expression of HIF-lα in NPC and could reflect the hypoxic status in the local microenvironment of the cancer foci in vivo. RE, ME, and MRE were significantly higher in the positive HIF-1α expression group than in the negative HIF-1α expression group (F=5.
Rationale: Granular cell tumor of the breast (GCTB) is a benign rare tumor. There are limited reports on its imaging manifestations. GCTB is often misdiagnosed as breast cancer, which results in unnecessary radical mastectomy and excessive treatment. In this article, we have reported a case of a 56-year-old postmenopausal woman with GCTB and highlighted the imaging features to differentiate this rare tumor from breast cancer. Patient concerns: A 56-year-old postmenopausal patient had a chief complaint of a subcutaneous nodule in the upper outer quadrant of her right breast for 2 months. She underwent physical examination, color Doppler ultrasonography, mammography, magnetic resonance, and postoperative pathology. Diagnoses: The final diagnosis was GCTB. The tumor cells were intermingled with the fibrous stroma and normal breast parenchyma and showed positive immunoreaction to S-100, CD68, and neuron-specific enolase. Interventions: The patient underwent lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Outcomes: The patient recovered well after lumpectomy and had no complications during the 2-year follow-up. Lessons: There are some important imaging features of GCTB that can be used to distinguish it from breast carcinoma to reduce misdiagnosis.
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