External carbon trading, free transfer between enterprises and, internal carbon trading are the primary forms of carbon trading between real estate enterprises and building materials enterprises. This paper establishes the Stackelberg game model under three conditions of carbon trading and analyzes the emission reduction strategies of real estate developers and building materials manufacturers. The results show that the low carbon degree of building materials is proportional to that of residential buildings and is affected by the external carbon trading price; The order quantity of building materials is directly proportional to the low carbon degree of building materials and housing and has nothing to do with the form of carbon trading; When only external carbon trading is carried out, the maximum profit of real estate developers is positively correlated with carbon quota and external carbon trading price, and the maximum profit of building materials manufacturers is positively correlated with carbon quota and negatively correlated with external carbon trading price. When internal carbon trading and external carbon trading coexist, the maximum profit of real estate developers increases with the rise of carbon quota, and the maximum profit of building materials manufacturers does not change significantly with the rise of carbon quota; Internal carbon trading can increase the profits of building materials manufacturers and reduce the selling prices of building materials, thereby increasing their enthusiasm for carbon emission reduction. An example is given to verify the effectiveness of the above conclusions.

Implementing low-carbon houses is inseparable from the carbon tax and subsidy policies. Appropriate carbon taxes and subsidies can help to reduce household carbon emissions. This study aims to identify a suitable carbon tax and subsidy policy and investigate how this policy will affect the adoption of low-carbon housing. We classify programs including carbon taxes and subsidies into four categories: static carbon tax static subsidy, static carbon tax dynamic subsidy, dynamic carbon tax dynamic subsidy, and dynamic carbon tax static subsidy. Additionally, under various carbon tax and subsidy systems, the evolutionary stability strategies (ESS) of real estate developers and governments will be examined using evolutionary game theory. The case simulation results show that static carbon tax and dynamic subsidies are the best strategies. Government regulation is essential for the implementation of low-carbon housing. The higher the carbon tax and the property developer’s profit, the higher the willingness of property developers to implement low-carbon houses and the higher the willingness of government regulation. Appropriate low-carbon subsidies will help property developers implement low-carbon houses. However, after reaching a certain point, low-carbon subsidies will make property developers less inclined to build low-carbon houses. The higher the cost of government regulation, the lower the probability of the low-carbon strategy of property developers, but the cost of government regulation has little impact on the government’s regulation strategy.

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The life cycle of a residential structure is separated into three stages: materialization, usage, and demolition, according to the life cycle theory of residential buildings. Materialization, use, and demolition computation models are built based on the features of residential building life cycle carbon emissions. The model is used to calculate and analyze the sensitivity of carbon emissions during the whole life cycle of the Qianluo 1# building. The results demonstrate that the total carbon output for the building over its entire life cycle is 155526 t, with 9006 t in the materialization stage, 145620 t in the use stage, and 900 t in the destruction stage. The sensitivity analysis results show that the heating carbon emission factor is the most sensitive and has the most significant potential for emission reduction, which is a critical factor in reducing residential building life cycle emissions.