The energy management strategy (EMS) and control algorithm of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) directly determine its energy efficiency, control effect, and system reliability. For a certain configuration of an HEV powertrain, the challenge is to develop an efficient EMS and an appropriate control algorithm to satisfy a variety of development objectives while not reducing vehicle performance. In this research, a comprehensive, multi-level classification for HEVs is introduced in detail from the aspects of the degree of hybridization (DoH), the position of the motor, the components and configurations of the powertrain, and whether or not the HEV is charged by external power. The principle and research status of EMSs for each type of HEV are summarized and reviewed. Additionally, the EMSs and control algorithms of HEVs are compared and analyzed from the perspectives of characteristics, applications, real-time abilities, and historical development. Finally, some discussions about potential directions and challenges for future research on the energy management systems of HEVs are presented. This review is expected to bring contribution to the development of efficient, intelligent, and advanced EMSs for future HEV energy management systems.

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Energy management control strategy is one of the key technologies in the development of extended-range fuel cell vehicles. During the use of vehicles, fuel cell performance will decline, which limits the power output of the stack and the life of the stack. In order to control the power output of the fuel cell more reasonably, in this paper, the lumped parameter model of fuel cell is built based on Matlab/Simulink, and the vehicle model is built by AVL/Cruise simulation software. Combined with the fuel cell health state (SOH: State of Health) estimation method, the vehicle demand power and the state of charge (SOC: State of Charge) value of the power battery are used as input, and an energy management control strategy architecture based on the performance degradation of the fuel cell is designed. The simulation results show that the designed energy management can improve dynamic performance, and avoid frequent start and stop of the fuel cell, prolong the service life of the fuel cell, and further improve the economy of the vehicle.