The influences of rotational speed, friction gap and roughness on the frictional heat are also investigated. The results show common mechanical seals in mixed lubrication mostly operate with second elastic-plastic contact. The frictional heat from asperity contact takes more proportion of total frictional heat when ω ≤ 2 800 r/min is presented, but the viscous part gradually rises as the rotational speed increases and eventually equals to the total. Also, with the increased friction gap, the asperity and viscous frictional heat both decrease, however the former decreases to zero when d ≥ 2.8σ while the latter changes little. As the roughness of seal end faces increases, the total frictional heat dramatically falls first and then tends to invariable, which indicates it is profitable for reducing mixed frictional heat to properly increase the roughness on seal end faces.

Pigment dyes are vastly used in dyeing and printing of all kinds of fibers. Ultrasonic energy and cationic modifying were applied in pigment dyeing. The results shown that both of cationic modify and ultrasonic energy can make for better dyeing effect. And the ultrasonic energys condition is 30 °C in 5 min.

Surface modification of some metal coatings is usually used to improve the blood compatibility of biomaterials; however, some aspects of the bological properties of metal coatings cannot be adjusted via the content of each component. In this work, Cu/Ti metal coatings with various amounts of copper content were prepared by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, and the influence of deposition bias was further investigated. Phase structure, element composition and surface morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The hemolysis ratio, platelet adhesion and protein adsorption were applied to evaluate the blood compatibility. The results show that a Cu/Ti coating of uniform quality can be obtained; the dispersion of the deposition and copper content is regulated by the number of copper sheets, but the deposition bias does not obviously affect the copper content of the Cu/Ti coating. The hemolysis rate of the Cu/Ti coating is less than 0.4%, the degree of platelet adhesion is significantly reduced on Cu/Ti coatings compared to control samples, and the contact angle of all coatings is greater than that of pure titanium. The largest adsorption capacity of BSA was found on the coating with the deposition bias voltage of −40 V. The number of copper flakes is increased, and the adsorption of FIB on the Cu/Ti coating surface is reduced. Therefore, Cu/Ti coatings prepared via this deposition method have potential for applications to regulate blood compatibility and surface performance.