Aims: A novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in an ongoing global pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the outcomes of recovered patients have not been well defined. Methods: This is a prospective observational follow-up study of survivors with COVID-19 from a designated tertiary center in Hefei, China. We examined chest computed tomography (CT) scanning, pulmonary function, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and 36 item Short Form General Health Survey (SF-36). Results: Among 81 enrolled patients, 62 (77%) patients and 61 (75%) patients, respectively, completed 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. Abnormal CT findings were still present in 73% of patients at 1 month and 54% at 3 months, whereas chest CT scan scores improved progressively at 1-month (5.0 ± 5.1) and 3-month follow up (3.0 ± 4.5) compared with that during hospitalization (11 ± 6.8). Mild restrictive pulmonary impairment was detected in 11% and 10% of patients at 1-month and 3-month follow up, respectively. The 6MWD was 523 ± 77 m in male patients and 484 ± 58 m in female patients, which was significantly lower than in healthy controls (606 ± 68 m, 568 ± 78 m, p < 0.001). SF-36 scores were significantly impaired in the domains of role physical (RP), role emotional (RE), and social functioning (SF) compared with the normal age-matched population. RP was improved at 3-month compared with 1-month follow up in the 41–64 years group ( p < 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that older age (over 40 years) and steroid administration during hospitalization were independently associated with worse chest CT scores at 3-month follow up. Conclusions: At 3 months, chest CT abnormalities were present in one half of COVID-19 survivors and worse chest CT scores were independently associated with older age and steroid administration during hospitalization. Residual pulmonary function impairments were modest, whereas exercise capacity and SF-36 scores were significantly lower than the general population. Support program and further follow-up evaluations may be needed. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven a global research to uncover novel, effective therapeutical and diagnosis approaches. In addition, control of spread of infection has been targeted through development of preventive tools and measures. In this regard, nanomaterials, particularly, those combining two or even several constituting materials possessing dissimilar physicochemical (or even biological) properties, i.e., nanohybrid materials play a significant role. Nanoparticulate nanohybrids have gained a widespread reputation for prevention of viral crises, thanks to their promising antimicrobial properties as well as their potential to act as a carrier for vaccines. On the other hand, they can perform well as a photo-driven killer for viruses when they release reactive oxygen species (ROS) or photothermally damage the virus membrane. The nanofibers can also play a crucial protective role when integrated into face masks and personal protective equipment, particularly as hybridized with antiviral nanoparticles. In this draft, we review the antiviral nanohybrids that could potentially be applied to control, diagnose, and treat the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the short age of this health problem, trivially the relevant technologies are not that many and are handful. Therefore, still progressing, older technologies with antiviral potential are also included and discussed. To conclude, nanohybrid nanomaterials with their high engineering potential and ability to inactivate pathogens including viruses will contribute decisively to the future of nanomedicine tackling the current and future pandemics.

To evaluated the risk ratio of Allergic rhinitis (AR) people on the symptoms after COVID-19 infection, and explored the relationship between AR and the symptoms after COVID-19 infection. An observational study was performed of people from outpatient department of the Hospital of Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine. Participants completed an electronic survey and between January 10 to January 20, 2023. We divided the participants into three groups according to the disease information of the population: non-AR people group (AR-N), AR patients with sublingual immunotherapy group (AR-S), and AR patients with conventional therapy group (AR-C). A total of 1116 participants were included in the study, with an average age of 21.76 ± 8.713, women accounted for 62.5%, men accounted for 37.5%. The final results showed that the risk of most symptoms after AR-C infection was not different from that of AR-N, except for sore throat, dry and itchy, chest distress, shortness of breath, and dyspnea. AR-S could effectively reduce the risk of post-infection symptoms including: dry and itchy (OR = 0.484, 95%CI: 0.335–0.698), pain (OR = 0.513, 95%CI:0.362–0.728), cough (OR = 0.506, 95% CI:0.341–0.749), expectoration (OR = 0.349, 95% CI:0.244–0.498), fever (OR = 0.569, 95% CI:0.379–0.853), head and body pain (OR = 0.456, 95% CI:0.323–0.644), fatigue (OR = 0.256, 95% CI:0.177–0.371), cold limbs (OR = 0.325, 95%CI:0.227–0.465), diarrhea (OR = 0.246, 95% CI:0.132–0.457), constipation (OR = 0.227, 95%CI:0.100–0.513), hyposmia (OR = 0.456, 95% CI:0.296–0.701), hypogeusia (OR = 0.397, 95% CI:0.259–0.607), chest distress (OR = 0.534, 95% CI:0.343–0.829), shortness of breath (OR = 0.622, 95% CI:0.398–0.974), palpitations (OR = 0.355, 95% CI:0.206–0.613). The risk of symptoms after COVID-19 infection in allergic rhinitis population receiving sublingual immunotherapy is lower.