Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) detects infections or tissue damage by binding to microbial or self-DNA in the cytoplasm. Upon binding DNA, cGAS produces cGAMP that binds to and activates the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which then activates the kinases IKK and TBK1 to induce the secretion of interferons and other cytokines. Recently, a series of studies demonstrated that the cGAS-STING pathway, a vital component of host innate immunity, might play an important role in anticancer immunity, though its mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this review, we highlight the latest understanding of the cGAS-STING pathway in tumor development and the advances in combination therapy of STING agonists and immunotherapy.

Hepatic glucose production (HGP) is fine-regulated via glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis to maintain physiological concentration of blood glucose during fasting-feeding cycle. Aberrant HGP leads to hyperglycemia in obesity-associated diabetes. Adipose tissue cooperates with the liver to regulate glycolipid metabolism. During these processes, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) change their profiles with various physio-pathological settings, producing diverse effects on HGP. Here, we briefly review the distinct phenotypes of ATMs under different nutrition states including feeding, fasting or overnutrition, and detail their effects on HGP. We discuss several pathways by which ATMs regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis, leading to favorable or unfavorable metabolic consequences. Furthermore, we summarize emerging therapeutic targets to correct metabolic disorders in morbid obesity or diabetes based on ATM-HGP axis. This review puts forward the importance and flexibility of ATMs in regulating HGP, proposing ATM-based HGP modulation as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.

This phenomenon of silent English class almost reflects the common fault of current college English classroom education in China. It clearly reveals that the discussion-based English classroom education in Europe and America is not easy to popularize in our country's universities. At the same time, it is easy to cause the embarrassment of English teachers asking students to answer questions or hastily picking up a student to answer questions to some extent. What's more, it triggered a chain reaction, causing more students to join the group of silent students. This runs counter to scientist Mazur's plan to pay more attention to peer discussions and to let students adopt active learning methods, eager to strengthen teaching through the same treatment as scientific research. Based on this common phenomenon in English class, this paper analyzes the "components" of the student who is silent in class, selects a different angle, briefly explores the inner and essence of the phenomenon with a psychological change of the process between students, and interprets the phenomenon of silence in a shallow layer. It aims at providing a perhaps useful inspiration for how to solve this problem in class.

In recent years, the integration of global economy and culture is gradually accelerating, and the market demands on the English proficiency of graduates are constantly improving, which requires the English education in universities to keep up with the pace. This paper will investigate the English teaching methods in most universities in China at the present stage, analyze their teaching objectives and emphases, investigate the students' habit of learning English, and point out the shortcomings of current college English teaching by combining some practical problems, so as to illustrate the importance of college English teaching reform. Then it points out the reform direction of college English teaching from the aspects of targeted applied English, cross-cultural differences, listening and speaking ability, use of the Internet, critical thinking and so on. Finally, combining with the existing teaching conditions, the development countermeasures faced by the implementation of the reform will be discussed.

Combining cultural and creative industry with museums and developing precious resources of cultural relics and cultural units have been new highlights and new directions of the development of China's cultural and creative industry in the past few years. This paper intends to analyze the policy factors, "time" factors, cultural factors and own factors of the development of it in Chinese museums by means of literature research. Meanwhile, focusing on the Palace Museum, the paper explores the development mode of the cultural and creative industry in museums, which analyzes the rationality of the coexistence of the cultural and creative industry with marketing significance and non-profit organization museum. Finally, some suggestions on design and operation are provided for the cultural and creative industry in museums.