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To determine the effect of different agents on the dynamic characteristics of floc structures, ferric chloride (FC) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) were dosed as coagulant and flocculant, respectively, to flocculate the coal slime water. Particle vision and measurement (PVM) was employed to monitor the flocculation process in situ. The results showed that the floc could grow to a size of approximately 1 mm only under conditions of 100 mg/L FC and 50 mg/L APAM. The coagulant dosage influenced either the aggregation of the slime particles or the conformation of the flocculant. If the coagulants were insufficient or excessive, the flocculant conformations were stretch chains and resembled unable to bridging the slime particles as shown in the captured images. The variation of the relative backscatter index (RBI) during the process indicated that the required residence time for flocculation was proportional to the ratio of particle size at the end of flocculation to that at the beginning of the process. It can be concluded that PVM is an effective instrument that can obtain useful dynamic information of the flocculation process by combining real-time images and the RBI. • Practitioner Points• The coagulant concentration affects the conformation of the flocculant. • The required retention time is depended on the max size that flocs can reach. • PVM is a powerful instrument for studying dynamic flocculation process in situ. • Key wordsanionic polyacrylamide; coal slime water; dynamic process; flocculation; particle vision and measurement

Background: Insomnia is a common diseases of the elderly, tuina is a widely used treatment. At present, there is a lack of supportive evidence on efficacy and safety of tuina for senile insomnia. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of tuina therapy in the treatment of senile insomnia.Methods: Literature on tuina for senile insomnia in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang, Chinese Scientific and Journal Database, Japanese medical database, Korean Robotics Institute Summer Scholars, and Thai-Journal Citation Index Center will be conducted to search from the creation of these databases. We will search the databases from the beginning to January 2022. The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, and the secondary outcomes included clinical efficacy and safety. RevMan 5.4.1 will be used for the meta-analysis.Results: This study aimed to will prove the effectiveness and safety of tuina therapy for the treatment of insomnia in the elderly. Conclusion:This study provides up-to-date evidence of the effectiveness and safety of tuina for the treatment of senile insomnia. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2021110063.Ethics and Communication: This systematic review will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of massage therapy for insomnia in the elderly population. As all the included data have been published, systematic reviews do not require ethical approval.

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