This article aims to report on the production of precipitated CaCO3, with various morphologies and particle sizes through several methods, namely carbonation methods with CO2 gas bubbling, rapid mixing of the solutions, and carbonation with modified bubbling techniques. The simple bubbling method was performed by flowing CO2 gas into Ca(OH)2 solution until precipitation occurs. This method can produce calcite particles up to 100% at the intermediate temperatures. In the modified bubbling technique, the gas flow was interrupted by a breaker and porous material with variation of stirring speeds. Through this technique, it produces 99% aragonite particles at higher temperatures. Additionally, 95% spherically vaterite particles with porous structures can also be produced by the rapid mixing solution method at the low temperatures. Depending on the reaction temperature, pH and concentration of the solution, and CO2 gas flow rate, these methods provide alternative routes for producing precipitated CaCO3 particles from natural limestone extraction with certain morphology and particle size for additional applications.
<p><ins cite="mailto:Franz%20Pedrosa" datetime="2020-10-26T10:33">Adanya rencana pemanfaatan DME (<em>dimethyl ether</em>) sebagai sumber energi alternatif di masa yang akan datang, khususnya untuk kebutuhan energi rumah tangga, perlu dibarengi dengan penyiapan infrastruktur di lapangan, mulai dari infrastruktur distribusi sampai pada kelengkapan sarana yang siap dipakai di masyarakat. Makalah ini mengkaji tentang karakteristik kinerja kompor gas </ins><em><ins cite="mailto:Franz%20Pedrosa" datetime="2020-10-26T10:54">Liquefied Petroleum Gas</ins> </em>(<ins cite="mailto:Franz%20Pedrosa" datetime="2020-10-26T10:33">LPG</ins>) <ins cite="mailto:Franz%20Pedrosa" datetime="2020-10-26T10:33">pada saat menggunakan bahan bakar DME 100% berdasarkan variasi diameter <em>nozzle</em> dan tekanan kerja kompor. Pengukuran kinerja kompor berupa tekanan kerja minimum dan maksimum, asupan panas serta efisiensi dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 8660:2018 dengan beberapa modifikasi. Dari hasil kajian terhadap 6 buah kompor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, bisa disimpulkan bahwa meskipun kompor gas LPG bisa dipakai juga untuk DME, namun untuk mendapatkan kinerja kompor yang lebih optimal, para produsen kompor masih perlu menentukan ukuran diameter <em>nozzle</em> yang </ins><ins cite="mailto:Franz%20Pedrosa" datetime="2020-10-26T10:33">tepat dan sesuai dengan desain kompornya masing-masing.</ins></p>
Heat input and efficiency test are one of the essential aspects that should be assessed in order to m e a s u re th e energy performance of LPG gas stove. In order to do this, the method e mployed to assess these performance aspects should meet the requirement of the energy test procedure. This paper presents the evaluation o f e n e rg y performance test method of SNI 7368:2011a standard for single gas stove LPG in order to meet energy test procedure criteria. The method of evaluation is conducted through interpersonal comparative test according to BS EN ISO/IEC 17043:2010 -Conformity assessment -General requirements for proficiency testing. Two parameters of z-score and z-robust are used as criteria for the assessment of method evaluation. The result shows that both z-score and z-robust give the same result at satisfactory performance for heat input aspect, while the different performance criteria emerge in the efficiency aspect. The z-score of efficiency aspect gives satisfactory performance, whereas a questionable performance is yielded by z-robust. The further analysis of zrobust brings to the concern about inconsistency relation result between temperature rise, consumption of gas and the test duration. The lack of a method for ensuring the composition of gas during the test in the SNI is identified as a factor that may lead to such an inconsistent result. AbstrakPengajuan asupan panas dan efisiensi adalah salah satu aspek penting yang harus dinilai untuk mengukur kinerja energi kompor gas LPG. Untuk melakukan ini, metode yang digunakan untuk men il a i a sp e k k i ne rj a i n i harus memenuhi persyaratan prosedur uji energi. Makalah ini menyajikan evaluasi metode uji kinerja energi SN I 7368: 2011 -standar untuk LPG kompor gas tunggal untuk memenuhi kriteria prosedur uji energi. Metode evaluasi dilakukan melalui uji komparatif interpersonal menurut BS EN ISO / IEC 1 7043: 2010 -Penilaian kesesuaian -Persyaratan umum untuk pengujian kecakapan. Dua parameter z -score dan z-rob ust digunakan seb agai kriteria untuk penilaian evaluasi metode. Hasil menunjukkan b ahwa b aik z -score dan z-rob ust memberikan hasil yang sama pada kinerja yang memuaskan untuk aspek input panas, sedangkan k i n erj a ya n g b erb eda dihasilkan dari aspek efisiensi. Z-score dari aspek efisiensi memb erikan kinerja yang memuaskan, sedangkan kinerja yang dipertanyakan dihasilkan oleh z -robust. Analisis lebih lanjut dari z-rob ust me mu ncu l kan perhatian tentang hub ungan yang tidak konsisten dari hasil antara kenaikan suhu, konsumsi gas, dan durasi pengujian. Kurangnya metode untuk memastikan komposisi gas selama pengujian dalam SNI diidentifikasi seb agai faktor yang dapat menyebabkan hasil yang tidak konsisten terseb ut.Kata kunci: asupan panas, efisiensi, kinerja, pengujian energi, kompor gas satu tungku 1.
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