BackgroundOriginator trastuzumab (Herceptin®; H) is an antibody-targeted therapy to treat patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) early breast cancer (EBC). We investigated the overall survival (OS) advantage conferred by the addition of H to chemotherapy for HER2+ EBC patients and how the OS advantage changed over time.MethodsA systematic literature review (SLR) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) published from January 1, 1990 to January 19, 2017, comparing systemic therapies used in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings to treat HER2+ EBC patients. Bayesian cumulative network meta-analyses (cNMAs) of OS were conducted to assess the published literature over time. Heterogeneity was assessed through sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ResultsThe SLR identified 31 unique studies (28 RCTs, 3 NRSs) included in the OS analyses from 2008 to 2016. In the reference case cNMA (RCTs alone), initial evidence demonstrated an OS advantage for H/chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone in HER2+ EBC patients. As additional OS data were published, the precision around this survival benefit strengthened over time. Both H/anthracycline-containing chemotherapy and H/non-anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens provided similar OS advantages for HER2+ EBC patients.ConclusionThis analysis represents the most comprehensive SLR/cNMA to date of published OS data in HER2+ EBC studies. These findings demonstrate why H/chemotherapy is now the established standard of care in HER2+ EBC. In the case of H, the benefits of early patient access far outweighed the risk of waiting for more precise information.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017055763Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13643-018-0854-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a tumour suppressor implicated in cancer development and progression and was recently identified as a repressor of cap-independent translation of specific genes involved in the regulation of apoptosis. We show that the RNA-binding protein HuR binds to the PDCD4 3′UTR to protect it from miR-21-induced silencing. However, following H2O2 treatment, PDCD4 mRNA is degraded via miR-21 binding. Importantly, we identify HuR as a novel substrate of the ERK8 kinase pathway in response to H2O2 treatment. We show that phosphorylation of HuR by ERK8 prevents it from binding to PDCD4 mRNA and allows miR-21-mediated degradation of PDCD4.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is an aggressive disease that makes up about 20% of all invasive breast cancers. HER2+ breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rates, but the development of HER2-targeted therapies, such as originator trastuzumab (Herceptin®), has substantially improved patient survival. Numerous clinical trials and reviews have investigated the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapies over the past few decades; however, no study has specifically investigated the vast body of evidence on trastuzumab in comparison to chemotherapy regimens, endocrine therapies, and other targeted therapies. This systematic review and cumulative network meta-analysis (NMA) will synthesize available evidence to evaluate the survival benefit conferred by the addition of originator trastuzumab to standard chemotherapy and to compare the most widely used trastuzumab regimens in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer, based on results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies. Methods/design: A systematic search of Embase, MEDLINE®, and the Cochrane Library has been designed by an experienced medical information specialist and peer reviewed by another senior information specialist. RCTs and comparative observational studies of patients with HER2+ early breast cancer indexed from 1990 onwards will be eligible for inclusion. Two investigators will independently assess studies for inclusion and use standardized data extraction templates to collect data on study and patient characteristics. The primary outcome of interest is overall survival. Bayesian cumulative NMA methods will be used to quantify the evolution of publicly available evidence using both fixed and random effects models. Discussion: This study will evaluate survival trends associated with originator trastuzumab in patients with HER2+ early breast cancer. As originator trastuzumab has been researched in both clinical and real-world settings for close to 20 years, a cumulative NMA is likely to show improved precision around the parameter estimates for trastuzumab now compared with when the drug was initially launched in the USA in 1998. A better understanding of the evolution of publicly available comparative evidence for originator trastuzumab will further inform treatment for patients with HER2+ early breast cancer, providing benefit to patients, health professionals, and researchers. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42017055763 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO

BackgroundSIFD (Sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay) is a novel form of congenital sideroblastic anemia associated with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay caused by mutations in the CCA-adding enzyme TRNT1, but the precise molecular pathophysiology is not known.ResultsWe show that the disease causing mutations in patient-derived fibroblasts do not affect subcellular localization of TRNT1 and show no gross morphological differences when compared to control cells. Analysis of cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes demonstrates that both basal and maximal respiration rates are decreased in patient cells, which may be attributed to an observed decrease in the abundance of select proteins of the OXPHOS complexes.ConclusionsOur data provides further insight into cellular pathophysiology of SIFD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-016-0466-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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