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Background:Renal artery variations including their number, source, and course are very common congenital abnormalities. The renal artery variations in Sudanese population are not fully studied. Comprehensive studies on the incidence and types of renal artery anomalies are limited. This study, aimed at study renal artery variations in population living in Sudan in the period from Methodology: The sample size of this study was 301 individuals, (549 kidneys), from which 60 were cadavers (111 kidneys), 191 donors (339 kidneys), and 50 angiographs, (99 kidneys) from patients with renal and many other problems from both sexes in Gezira and Khartoum state. The study used three different methods for renal artery identification. These are the intra operative surgical way, dissection and postmortem, and the imaging (angiography) method. Cadavers were carefully dissected and the kidney and renal artery length and width were measured by using ruler. The mean age of the individuals was 36±0.806 years. Result:The result revealed that single renal artery occurred in 439(79.96%) out of 549 kidneys. 110(20.04%) kidneys analyzed presented multiple renal arteries. 78(14.21%) had double renal artery, 26(4.74%) had triple renal arteries, and 6(1.09%) kidneys had four renal arteries. Conclusion:The study concluded that the renal arteries present a broad spectrum of variability in Sudanese in their morphological expression.

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Background: Studies have shown different results on the association between fingerprints, gender and blood groups in the different settings. There is one published article in Sudan. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of fingerprints characteristics and to assess if there is an association between fingerprints and gender or ABO blood groups and rhesus blood types in Sudan. Results: A total of 394 participants were enrolled in the study. Their age ranged between 19 to 24 years with a mean (standard deviation) of 21 (3) years. Of these 394, 114 (28.9%) and 280 (71.1%) participants were males and females, respectively. Of 394 participants, 111 (28.2%), 63 (15.9%), 13(3.3%), and 207(52.5%) had blood group A, blood group B, blood group AB and blood group O, respectively. While 373(94.7%) participants had rhesus positive blood, only 21 (5.3%) had rhesus negative blood. Of 394 fingerprints, 2476 (62.84%) were loop, 1278(32.44%) were arch and186 (4.72%) were whorls. Fingerprints were significantly between males and females and between the different blood groups and rhesus factors. Conclusion: loop, (62.84%) and arch (32.44%) were they common fingerprints. Fingerprints characteristics were significantly between males and females and between the different blood groups and Rhesus factor.