Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypocalcemia among patients after thyroid surgery. Study Design: Descriptive study/ Cross-sectional Place and Duration: The study was conducted at the surgical department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore for the duration of eighteen months from July 2020 to December 2021. Methods: Fifty-five male and female subjects participated in this research. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 62 years. After obtaining written permission from the patient, demographic information such as age, sex, BMI, and tumors type was collected. Contralateral lobe cancer was also shown to be a problem. Before surgery and on the first post-operative day, the blood calcium levels of the patients were measured. Patients who received a full thyroidectomy were evaluated for signs of hypocalcemia. Analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. Results: Among 55 patients, majority of the cases were females 30 (54.5%) were females and the rest were males 25 (45.5%). The patients mean age was 37.16±14.52 years and had mean BMI 24.45±6.62 kg/m2. Papillary cancer was the most common tumor found in 42 (76.4%) cases, followed by follicular cancer in 9 (16.4%) case and 4 (7.3%) cases had hurthle cell carcinoma. We found frequency of hypocalcemia in 14 (25.5%) cases. Among 14 patients of hypocalcemia 10 (71.4%) were females and 4 (38.6%) were males. Retrosternal of goiter found in 5 (35.7%) cases and no retrosternal extension found in 9 (64.3%) case. Post-operative other complications among all cases were seroma, transient hoarseness of voice and neck hematoma. Conclusion: In this study we found higher frequency of hypocalcemia in 25.5% cases after thyroid surgery. Majority of the cases were females and had no retrosternal extension. Except hypocalcemia other complications among all cases were seroma, transient hoarseness of voice and neck hematoma. Keywords: Thyroid Surgery, Tumors, Complications, Hypocalcemia

Objective: Determination of frequency of occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in a local population of obese adults Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Sindh Government Lyari General Hospital Karachi from March 2022 to March2023 Methodology: The patients aged between 18 years to 55 years. All the participants had a body mass index (BMI)of more than 29 kg/m2. As per the exclusion criteria, those patients having kidney failure, liver failure, or already diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction, were not added to the study. Patients taking cholesterol-lowering drugs were also not considered in the study. A blood sample of all the patients was collected for the measurement of serum thyroxine levels and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Results: A total of 150 obese adults were considered in the study. The mean age of the participants was 35.7±8.1 years. Overall69 (46%) patients were male while 81 (54%) patients were females. The mean BMI of the patients was 32.1±2.1 kg/m2. The mean serum thyroxine level in the given population was 1.09±0.24 ng/dl and the mean serum TSH level was 3.12±1.09 mIU/L. A total of 24 (16%) patients were detected with subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism is vastly prevalent in the obese adult population, particularly in adults with a BMI of more than 29 kg/m2. However, there is room for further studies to examine the correlation between obesity and SCH. Keywords: Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Obesity, TSH, Thyroxine, Body mass index