Mice with deletions of the Y-specific (non-PAR) region of the mouse Y chromosome long arm (NPYq) have sperm defects and fertility problems that increase proportionally to deletion size. Mice with abrogated function of NPYq-encoded gene Sly (sh367 Sly-KD) display a phenotype similar to that of NPYq deletion mutants but less severe. The milder phenotype can be due to insufficient Sly knockdown, involvement of another NPYq gene, or both. To address this question and to further elucidate the role of Sly in the infertile phenotype of mice with NPYq deletions, we developed an anti-SLY antibody specifically recognizing SLY1 and SLY2 protein isoforms and used it to characterize SLY expression in NPYq- and Sly-deficient mice. We also carried out transgene rescue by adding Sly1/2 transgenes to mice with NPYq deletions. We demonstrated that SLY1/2 expression in mutant mice decreased proportionally to deletion size, with ~12% of SLY1/2 retained in shSLY sh367 testes. The addition of Sly1/2 transgenes to mice with NPYq deletions rescued SLY1/2 expression but did not ameliorate fertility and testicular/spermiogenic defects. Together, the data suggest that Sly deficiency is not the sole underlying cause of the infertile phenotype of mice with NPYq deletions and imply the involvement of another NPYq gene.

Objective: to observe whether symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress correlates with symptoms of xerostomia among medical and dentistry students. Material and Methods: this was a cross-sectional study involving 772 medical and dentistry students in pre-clinical and clinical phase of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia in January 2022. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed on the data that were obtained online via Google Form. DASS 21 questionnaire was used to identify symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Fox’ questionnaire was used to identify symptoms of xerostomia. Results: There were mild but significant correlations between occurrence of depression (r=0.100; p=0.006), anxiety (r=0.118; p=0.001), and stress (r=0.096; p=0.008) symptoms with symptoms of xerostomia among medical and dentistry students. Xerostomia symptoms was significantly higher (p<0.05) among dentistry students compared with medical students in both pre-clinical (64.9% vs 44.8%) and clinical (40.4% vs 27.7%) phase. In both pre-clinical and clinical phase, occurrence of depression and anxiety symptoms among medical students were not significantly different from dentistry students (p<0.05). Moderate to severe stress tend to occur more among dentistry students (p<0.05). Conclusion: Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress correlates with symptoms of xerostomia among medical and dentistry students.

Objective: To determine the effect of scaling and root planning treatment on levels of hs-CRP (C-reactive protein) in patients with risk of cardiovascular disease. Material and Methods: This research is an experimental research with one group pre-and post-test design. This research was performed to the periodontal patients who came to the clinic and have risk of cardiovascular disease. Medical evaluations included measurement of blood pressure and body mass index were performed. Blood samples were obtained from each subject after over night fasting, highsensitivity C-reactive protein was measured as an index of inflammation. Blood samples were analysed two times before treatment (scaling and root planning) and three weeks later. Statistical analysis used Paired t-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Means-CRP levels before and after treatment in scaling and root planning were 3.16 ± 2.37 and 2.18±1.56 (p=0.007). Conclusion: There are significant differences between hs-CRP levels before and after treatment.