Two field experiments were carried out at Etai EL-Baroud Agricultral Research Station Farm, Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC ) -Sakha -Kafer El -Sheikh -Egypt, to study the influence of integration of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on the productivity of Sakha 101 rice variety in two consecutive seasons (1997 and 1998). Four organic fertilizer rates were added ( 0, 10, 20 and 30 t/ha ) to the dry soil before flooding, while, nitrogen fertilizer was applied to rice crop at the rates of (0, 48, 96 and144 kg N / ha ) in the form of Urea (46.5%N) (2/3 basal and incorporated into the dry soil + 1/3, 7 days before panicle initiation). The main results indicated that increasing nitrogen fertilizer up to 144 kg N /ha and 30 t/ha as organic fertilizer increased plant height, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight, grain and biomass yields while, 20 t / ha as organic fertilizer and 96 kg N / ha were adequate for the highest values of panicle length, number of panicles / hill and number of grains / panicle. Data also indicated that increasing organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer significantly decreased harvest index and the application of 10 t / ha and 30 t /ha organic fertilizer saves about 48 and 96 kg N/ha, respectively. Data also indicated that 20 t / ha organic fertilizer and 96 kg N / ha are adequate for the highest hulling and milling out puts in the two growing seasons. Data concluded that the application of organic fertilizer besides its save some of the inorganic fertilizer its improved soil physical and chemical properties.

The present work was carried out to evaluate the chemical and technological characteristic of Egyptian Giza 177 rice and black rice (BR) as well as to investigate the possibility of using black rice flour as substitution materials of wheat flour in preparing enriched biscuits. The obtained results revealed that black rice (BR) variety had a higher level of crude protein, ether extract, ash, fiber content than Giza 177 rice variety. Gel consistency was significantly higher in Giza 177 than (BR). BR contained higher amylose content than Giza 177. From the obtained results, BR could be considered as a good source of fatty acids, anthocyanin, total phenol and minerals compared with Giza 177. Regards to sensory evaluation of cooked rice, black rice was lower acceptance than Giza 177. Results of the organoleptic evaluation indicated that biscuit samples prepared using black rice flour (2.5 and 5%) to wheat flour were acceptable. Also, biscuit samples prepared using mushroom flour with black rice flour as substitutions instead of wheat flour (2.5%) were acceptable. The present study could be a guide in using black rice and mushroom flours to increase protein and other nutrients contents in some food products, as well as preparation of some functional foods. Also, gluten-free bakery products are advantageous to persons who suffer from celiac disease.

The relationship of moisture to milling quality gives growers a degree of control over head rice by allowing them to time their harvest according to moisture content. The head rice is highest when rice is harvested at moisture content greater than what is required for safe storage. Three of Egyptian varieties Sakha 101, Sakha 104 and Giza 177 were cultivated at Etai El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station Farm, Egypt in 2007 season, to determine the suitable harvesting time according to the grain moisture content to obtain high quality milled rice (head rice) character. This investigation was done in Rice Technology Training Center (RTTC), Alexandria; at different levels of harvesting time according to moisture content between 30% wet bases to 20% wet bases approximately for each variety in four replicates. Analysis of data showed that the optimum harvest moisture content differs with each variety. The optimum harvest moisture content for maximum head rice were obtained at 21-23% for Sakha 101, from 20-24% for Giza 177 and from 23-26% for Sakha 104. So harvest management preserves rice quality that contribute directly to profit, and then rice growers must harvest rice as carefully as they grow it. Although this study showed that moisture content is very important, there are many factors have effect on milling quality.

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