The paper reviews the physical oceanography of the seas around New Zealand as known up to 1982 and includes: deep-ocean water characteristics and mean flow; fronts, tides, and coastal and continental shelf oceanography; and waves and tsunamis.

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Thirty-two New Zealand coastal inlets are tentatively classified into seven groups with probable similar circulation patterns, based on ratios of their physical parameters: volume, tidal compartment, entrance width, surface area, length, and average width. Eighteen of these have a predominant tidal flow, shown from their small ratio (ß < 4) of tidal compartment to total volume, and the cross-sectional areas of their entrances are controlled by the tidal flow: Moutere,