The theory of viscosity of liquid mixtures presented here is based on Eyring's theory of absolute reaction rates. The most important conclusions drawn are that for liquids the free energies of activation for viscosity are additive on a number fraction or mole fraction basis and that interactions of like and unlike molecules must be considered. Methanol-toluene, benzenetoluene, and cyclohexane-heptane systems were analyzed with a three-body model and found to fit within the accuracy of the experimental data. Acetone-water mixtures fit a four-body interaction much better. Indications are that to describe acetone-water mixtures well would require consideration of seven-or eight-body interactions.

No abstract

Summary Enzymatic, and microbiological assays were used to determine the hepatic contents of coenzyme A, acetyl CoA, fatty acid synthetase activity, and pantothenate in livers of tumour-bearing mice. Significant decreases in CoA and acetyl CoA were found in mice bearing (Balducci & Hardy, 1985;Shapot & Blinov, 1974). Some specific changes however are seen in malnourished animals, but not in those with experimental cancer, and recently we showed that in tumour-bearing mice, the hepatic content of acetyl coenzyme A was significantly decreased. . The Materials and methodsThree to 4 month old male mice were used throughout. All animals were weight-matched, and fed a standard cubed diet with water ad lib. Where the effects of starvation were studied food, but not water was withdrawn for 24h. TLX-5 lymphoma was maintained by regular i.p. passage in CBA strain mice every 5 days. Donor animals were killed by cervical dislocation and tumour cells harvested in Hank's Balance Salt Medium. Cell suspensions were diluted in the same medium and counted in a haemocytometer. Groups of 6 mice received 2 x 106 cells in 0.5 ml of medium either i.p. or s.c. in the subscapular region under light ether anaesthesia. Controls for these groups received 0.5 ml of the medium by the same routes. Sarcoma 180 was maintained in BALB/c mice. This tumour had been implanted 10 days previously s.c. in the subscapular region under light ether anaesthesia. Donor animals were killed by cervical dislocation, and the tumours dissected free from necrotic areas, then cut into small pieces (-2mm) which were then inserted into groups of 6 mice by the same route, also under anaesthesia. A mouse fibrosarcoma in C57 mice was maintained in the same way, and by the same route in groups of recipients. Tumour-bearers and their corresponding controls were killed by cervical dislocation at the following times after implant: TLX-5 lymphoma, 6 days; sarcoma 180, 10 days and fibrosarcoma groups, 13 days. Livers were rapidly exposed, and clamped with tongs previously cooled in liquid nitrogen, then powdered in a mortar also cooled in liquid nitrogen. Two to three hundred mg powdered tissue was then placed in preweighed and precooled homogenising vessels. After a rapid reweighing, 5 ml of IM ice-cold perchloric acid was added, and the mixture homogenised then centrifuged (2,500g for 10min). The supernatants were removed, cooled in ice, and the pH adjusted to 6 with 2.5 M potassium carbonate. After further cooling in ice for 10min followed by centrifugation (as above), aliquots of the supernatants were used for the determination of CoASH and acetyl CoA by a specific enzymatic method (Moellering & Bergmeyer, 1965). 'Total' CoA by this procedure, refers ATP ADP

The densities of acetone‐water liquid solutions have been measured over the entire composition range from 20°C. to within 3° to 7°C. of the normal boiling point of the mixture. The density was measured with a Robertson pycnometer (13), which was modified slightly. The density values are thought to be accurate to within ±0.00005 density units. The technique for determining density values of the volatile mixture near the boiling temperature is given in some detail. The refractive index (nD25) of pure acetone has been redetermined and equals 1.35596 ± 0.00003.

The viscosity of acetone-water liquid solutions has been measured over the entire concentration range at temperatures from 20°C. to generally within 1' to 10T. of the normal boiling point. A capillary suspended-level viscometer was used, and the authors estimate that the results are accurate to f0.20/,. Both kinematic and absolute viscosities are given, and the results have been extrapolated to the boiling point of the solutions. The calibration of the Cannon-Ubbelohde viscometer is discussed in detail.One of the aims of Research Project 1, Tray Efficiencies in Distillation Columns, sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, was the determination of the effect of the physical properties of binary liquid systems on distillation efficiency. The viscosity of the system is required for the calculation of the liquidphase diffusivity by t h e method of Wilke and Chang (18) t o the viscometer, for example, corrections for surface-tension effects or for kinetic-energy effects. I n addition, not until recently (15) has there been available an accurate value for the viscosity of water for use as a primary standard for viscosity. With rare exseptions, viscosities of binary systems are not available at temperatures above 45°C.; for estimation of the boiling-point viscosity, an extrapolation of 15" to 60°C. would be required.This investigation was designed t o provide accurate liquid viscosity data for the acetone-water system over the entire concentration range. The investigation was carried out a t temperatures from 2OOC. t o within 1" to 10' of the boiling point of the solution, and these data allowed estimation of the boilingpoint viscosity with a high degree of accuracy. EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE Vircometer