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SUMMARYThe composition and control of the grass weed flora of India and Pakistan are discussed, and the losses caused by the weeds are reviewed. The most important perennial weeds are Cynodon dactylon and Sorghum halepense and the most important annual weeds Echinochloa crusgalli and E. colona in the summer (kharif) crops and wild oats (Avena spp.) and Phalaris minor in the winter (rabi) crops. Losses caused by these weeds can be considerably reduced by the use of selective herbicides but these may be too expensive for many farmers. The problems and control of Phalaris minor are considered in detail.

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In Avena fatua the first and the second florets (seeds) can germinate together and separately. Seed coverings negatively influence the germination of all the three seeds present in the spikelet. The percentage of the third floret in the spikelet ranged from 18-79 depending on the amount of moisture present during seed formation.

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